Lec 5 Flashcards
What is personality?
Enduring set of personal characteristics
What are the 6 personality theories/theorists?
- Psychodynamic - Freud
- Neoanalytic - Jung, Horney
- Humanistic - Maslow
- Social Cognitive - Bandura/Rotter
- Trait
- Biology/Evolution
What is Freud’s Theory of personality?
It is based on unconscious motivations/drives
What was the purpose of Freud’s techniques?
Access the unconscious mind, that hides socially unacceptable drives/motivations
What is determinism?
The idea that everything has a reason
What is Freud’s idea of the mind’s structure?
The ego (conscious thought) balances (makes peace) out the superego (internalized ideals) and id (unconscious that is big)
How does Freud propose we should be mentally healthy
explore/accept the unconscious mind
What does Freud say about the accessibility and exploration of the id
it is inaccessible to conscious thought and must be explored through special techniques like hypnosis and dream eval and free association
What is Freud’s personality structure?
Id is pleasure principle - satisfy basic drives
superego is realistic principle - realistically gratify id
Ego - ideal behavior - perfection/moral compass
According to Freud, how does anxiety develop and how does the ego cope?
Anxiety is tension between the id and superego, and the ego uses mechanisms to reduce/redirect the anxiety
What according to Freud is the underlying cause of all defense mechanisms? How do we see this incompletely?
Repression is the cause and if it is incomplete there will be slips of the tongue and dreams
What is Freud’s view on development?
Each stage has an age/body part/theme to be mastered/association with an adult character type/personality
What are Freud’s 5 stages?
- Oral - mouth/chewing/sucking
- Anal - pleasure based on bowel/bladder/control
- Phallic - genitals, coping with incest
- Latency - Dormant sexual feelings
- Genital - maturation of sexual interests
Evaluate Freud’s developmental theory
Criticism
Too sexual, development is lifelong, lack of science
Contributions
Discussion of unconscious
importance of sexuality
Addresses biological vs social
Extra
We are not always rational, goals and hopes
Sexual energy isn’t only motivation
how are Neoanalytic theories different than Freud
Less emphasis on sex
More emphasis on interpersonal relationships
Less emphasis on unconscious
What were Carl Jung’s neoanalytic 3 components of self?
- Conscious ego
- Personal unconscious - unimportant/actively repressed info
- Collective unconscious - human memories of repeating stories that shapes worldview - archetypes
What did Karen horney propose?
Men have penis envy, which is envoy of autonomy and power of men in society
Basic anxiety is insignificance and powerlessness
Unconscious processes come from family/social external conflicts
For a Karen Horney child who has no control, what are their three ways of relating?
Moving towards ppl
Moving against ppl
Moving away from ppl
What did Karen Horney propose about the three aspects of self?
A healthy mind has a self concept that is their “real self” and a neurotic mind will have a “despised self” that wants to be the “idea self”
What do neurotic adults who have “move towards” relations experience?
Over-identity with despised self, childhood experience where submission = affection
What do neurotic adults who have “move against” relations experience?
Over-identity with ideal self, childhood gave up hope of affection, neglect
What do neurotic adults who have “move away” relations experience?
Want to move towards ideal self, but don’t have hope for it, childhood where little respect for individuality, egocentric parents
How must one find the real self according to Karen?
Need to balance three ways of relating
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
- Physiological needs
- Safety Needs
- Belongingness
- Esteem
- Self-Actualization
