Lec 12. Treatment Flashcards
What is the main problem with media portrayal of psychological treatment?
They don’t show how much time, effort, commitment it takes
What is the difference between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy
Psychotherapy - Trained therapist uses techniques to assist someone, mostly talk
Pharmacotherapy - medications and biological treatment
What is the more common categorization of typical antipsychotics?
Tranquilizers
What are the side effects of typical antipsychotics?
Dry mouth, blurred vision, sleepiness, long term extrapyramidal symptoms (muscle tremors, involuntary movements)
What is the biological role of a typical antipsychotic?
It is to reduce dopamine activity in the brain
What is the main difference between a typical and atypical antipsychotic?
Atypical ones act on dopamine and serotonin, and have side effects with weight gain, and interference with the immune system
What are the three main types of antidepressents?
- SSRIs
- MAOIs
- tricyclics
What does MAOI stand for?
Monoamine oxide inhibitor
What do MAOI’s do?
They increase NT brain levels by inhibiting monoamine catalyzed breakdown
What is a large side effect of MAOIs?
There’s lots of interference with diet and some foods
What is the role of a tricyclic?
It inhibits the reuptake of serotonin/norepinephrine, making more of it available
What are the common side effects of tricyclics?
Weight gain, low libido, low blood pressure
What does SSRI mean?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Wat type of antidepressant has the least side effects and most efficacy?
SSRIs
What are the types of anxiolytics?
Benzodiazepines, SSRI’s, and beta-blockers
What do benzodiazepines do?
They increase GABA levels in the synapse
What is the advantage and disadvantage of a benzodiazepine?
They are quick acting, but can be addictive
What are the paradoxical effects of benzodiazepine described?
If addicted over time, it can make one feel jumpy and hyper
What is the role of a beta blocker?
It slows down heart rate/BP
What is the described mood-stabilizing drug?
Lithium
What is the important consideration to make when taking lithium?
Levels must be checked regularly
What is the key point of drug usage?
They are only a part of effective treatment
What are the issues with drugs?
- Side effects
- Placebo effect
- Tolerance/addiction
- Withdrawal
- Increase in symptoms
- Doesn’t work for everyone
- Price
- Unknown long term effects
What is electroconvulsive therapy?
It is a mild voltage shock brain manipulation
What is a modern improvement to electroconvulsive therapy?
General anesthesia and muscle relaxation, and it causes less memory loss and disruption
What is the main drawback to electroconvulsive therapy?
Generally symptoms are recurring and will need more treatment
What are the two types of brain stimulation treatment?
- Electroconvulsive therapy
- Transcranial Magnetic stimulation
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation and what does it treat?
It is magnetic pulse brain stimulation and it treats major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, OCD, and PTSD
What are the 4 types of drug that a psychopharmacologist will administer?
- Antipsychotics
- Antidepressants
- Anxiolytics
- Mood Stabilizers
Why aren’t earlier versions of MAOI’s used?
They have big side effects
What is a monoamine?
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the deactivation of neurotransmitters
What are Elavil, Tofranil, and Pamelor examples of?
Tricyclics
What are Thorazine, Haldol, and Moban examples of?
Tranquilizers (Antipsychotics)
What are Clozapine, Risperdal, Zyprexa, and aripiprazole examples of?
New Atypical Antipsychotics
What are Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan eaxmaples of?
MAOIs
What are the 3 neurotransmitters that MAOI’s affect?
Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinepherine
What is the role of a SSRI?
It blocks the reuptake of serotonin
What are Prozac, celexa, Lexapro, and Zoloft all examples of?
SSRIs
What are valium, Librium, Ativan, Xanax, diazepam and lorazepam examples of?
Benzodiazepines
What is an example of a beta-blocker?
propanol
