Final Chap 14 Flashcards
What are the 4 D’s of a psychological disorder?
- Deviance
- Distress
- Danger
- Dysfunction
What does a condition need to have as well as the 4 D’s to be considered a disorder?
It has to happen over a period of time, it is not a 1 time event
What do mental health providers rely on to diagnose?
Their clinical judgement (and the DSM 5)
What are some key features of ASD?
Repetitive movements, routine, social and emotional impairments
What are the potential explanations for the rise in ASD diagnoses?
More awareness/criteria or true spike
When is ASD generally noticed?
2 yrs
What are positive psychotic symptoms?
symptoms that were not present before the onset
What are some examples of positive psychotic symptoms?
Delusion, hallucination, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behaviours
What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations?
Delusions are strong beliefs that are untrue, and hallucinations are sensory stimuli that aren’t there
What are the environmental contributors to schizophrenia?
Complications during pregnancy, adverse childhood events, and isolation
Who is most likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
Slightly more men, in rural areas, around teenage or early adulthood
What is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome?
There are many different ways that it presents
Do schizophrenia patients have cognitive symptoms (memory/thought)?
Yes
What is the special criteria for Bipolar 2 to be diagnosed?
The individual must experience hypomanic (manic without psychosis or major impairment) episodes along with major depressive ones
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is in response to current threats, and anxiety is in response to future ones
What is agoraphobia?
It is an anxiety based off of places or situations
What sex is more likely to report agoraphobia?
Women
What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?
Obsession = uncontrollable thought, compulsion = action on obsession
What characterizes an obsessive-compulsive disorder
preoccupations, rituals, and repetitive behaviours
What is a personality disorder?
Characteristics, beliefs, or behaviours drastically different from the expectations of the society
What are the three groups of personality disorder?
cluster A - Odd/eccentric
cluster B - Dramatic/Emotional
cluster C - Anxious/fearful
What are the main cluster A personality disorders? How are they characterized?
Paranoid, schizoid, - characterized by social awkwardness, withdrawal
What are the main cluster B personality disorders? How are they characterized?
Antisocial/borderline/narcissistic - characterized by impulse control, reasoning, and empathy
What are the main cluster C personality disorders? How are they characterized?
Avoidant/dependent - characterized by shy, insecure, or overly cautious behaviour
