Female 33 Bio Flashcards
Ovary
Primary reproductive organ. They are paired, held in place in the lower abdominal cavity by ligaments. Dual function:
- Making and releasing eggs
2) . Secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Female hormones
Estrone, estradiol, progesterone
Oogenesis
Primary oocyte = 2N, secondary oocyte = N
Polar body
Small haploid cell. Unfertile, very little cytoplasm. Apoptosis.
At birth, females have around ___ primary oocytes.
500k, by puberty about 250k. The cells stop dividing at prophase I of meiosis, before birth.
At puberty, ___ stimulates a small group of follicles…
FSH to begin growth and development.
Each month, one follicle fully matures. At ovulation the follicle breaks open and releases a secondary oocyte. Many ovarian follicles undergo atresia, in which follicle cells and oocytes die.
Secondary oocyte is what gets fertilized by sperm cell.
It develops into the corpus luteum. Temporary endocrine gland that makes progesterone and estrogens and androgens.
As the corpus luteum secretes its hormones (no pregnancy)
It inhibits the secretion of LH and FSH.
- Without FSH: no new follicle development, no second ovulation
- No LH leads to the degeneration of corpus luteum into the corpus albicans.
Corpus Albicans
Fibrous tissue that is eventually reabsorbed. white body to the large amount of collagen.
If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum
Does not degen, it continues to make estrogen and progesterone and that maintains the uterine lining (endometrium).
Blocked oviducts
Are one of the most common causes of infertility. The outer end of each tube is funnel shaped and contain the fimbria. The fimbria catch the secondary oocyte and channel it down into the fallopian tube when released by the ovary.
The fallopian tube has two different cell types
A) Non cilated peg cells
B) Ciliated cells
Peg cells
Provide a nutritive and protective environment for maintaining spermatozoa as that move towards secondary oocyte. Peg cells secretions help with capacitation in sperm cells (maturation and fertilization)..
Ciliated cells
Beat in unison and allow the fertilized ovum to be propelled toward the uterus.
Uterus/womb
Muscular organ who receives fertilized egg and sustain its life during development. Lower third of the uterus is called the cervix or neck of the uterus. Cervix opens into the vagina.
The inner lining of the uterus is high vascularized, also known as the endometrium.
Endometrium cell type
Mixture of ciliated and secretory simple columnar cells.
Vagina
Thin walled tubular canal that connects the cervical area with the outside of the body.
Labia majora, labia minora, and the clitoris. Richly supplied with nerve endings and highly sensitive.
By the time the zygote gets to the uterus, we see #___ cells.
16, at one week = blastocyst.
1st trimester
Outerlayer of blastocyst grows to a trophoblast. The trophoblast forms the placenta. Organogenesis occurs here- most sensitie to radiation, toxins, and drugs.
At 8 weeks the embryo is called a fetus.
2nd trimester
Rapid fetal growth, mother can feel movements. Fetus shows reflexes as sense organs become functional
3rd trimester
Brain developments and PNS development acclerates.
Testes descend in the male. Maternal antibodies cross the placental barrier and enter fetal circulation.
Cryptorchidism
Where testes do not descend from the abdominal cavity. Too warm environment to produce normal sperm.
The ____ signals the ___ pituitary gland to secrete prolactin.
Hypothalamus, anterior. This stims the mammary gland to produce milk.
Suckling also stimulates oxytocin, which triggers milk release.
Prolactin:
Oxytocin:
P: stim milk production
Oxy: milk ejection, stims uterine smooth muscle contraction.
