12 Bio Fungi

Question 1

Fungi

Answer 1

Eukaryotic Heterotrophs. Composed of filaments called hyphae; collectively the hyphae are called mycelium. Sexual or asexual reproduction. Haploid state predominates but they do alternate. Saprophytic. Immotile and have cell walls. Glycogen as energy storage.

Question 2

Fungi can be parasitic and _______

Answer 2

Saprobes (get nutrients from non living organic matter).

Parasitic (get nutrients from host tissue).

Question 3

Fungi bottom line

Answer 3

They rely on extracellular digestion and absorption. Fungi are needed for the decomposition of organic material.

Question 4

Study of Fungi

Answer 4

Mycology. Cell wall of fungi contain chitin.

Question 5

Chitin

Answer 5

Polysaccharide made up of amino sugars. Chitin also if found in the exocskeleton of arthropods.

Question 6

Lichen

Answer 6

Mutualistic assocation of a fungus and cyanobacterium or a photosynthetic alga.

Question 7

A Fungus produces

Answer 7

Spores

Question 8

Major groups of Fungi

Answer 8

Ascomycetes “Sac Fungi”, Zygomycetes, Oomycetes (water molds)

Question 9

Mycetes

Answer 9

Fungi!

Question 10

Fungi reproduction

Answer 10

Fungi are categorized mainly on the basis of their reproductive structures.

Question 11

Asexual reproduction Fungi

Answer 11

Spores. The spore is a haploid from mitosis. Water, wind, and other orgs can disperse the spores. The spores develop into new hyphae.
Yeast reproduce by budding.

Question 12

Sexual reproduction Fungi

Answer 12

Mating between haploid hyphae results in diploid spore called zygospore. Zygospore undergo meiosis forming new haploid cells that can develop into new hyphae.

Question 13

Sporangium

Answer 13

Zygospore have specialized hypha that bears a spore sac. These spores give rise to a new mycelium.

Question 14

Mycorrhizae

Answer 14

Fungal hyphae that associates with a plant root. Helps the plant by absorbing needed minerals form the soil and sharing.
Symbiosis mutualism
A) Lichen: fungus and cyanobacterial
B) Mycorrhizae: fungus and plant root

Question 15

Fungus drug interaction

Answer 15

Antifungal drugs can be made that target fungal cell wall or membranes.
Atheletes foot, jock itch, and yeast infection would be treated by an anti fungal agent.

Question 16

Bacterial cell wall vs Fungal cell wall

Answer 16

Bacterial cell wall = peptidoglycan
Fungal cell wall = Chitin
Different chemical structure.

Question 17

Synctium and Coenocyte

Answer 17

When cell division does not do cytokinesis. Synctium in animals or coenocyte in plants.

Question 18

Some hypha are coenocytic

Answer 18

The fungi that lack septa. Thousand sof nuclei are present stemming cell division of nuclei without cytokinesis.

Question 19

Septa

Answer 19

Hyphae are divided into cells by structures called septa.

Pores that allow organelles and nuclei flow from cell to cell in Fungi.

Question 20

Coenocytic structure

Answer 20

Implies being multinucleated

Question 21

Haustoria

Answer 21

Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from the body fluids of the host by specialized hyphae called haustoria. It have penetrate the cell wall and lay on the cell membrane absorbing nutrients.

Question 22

Penicillin

Answer 22

contains a beta lactam ring (Resistance is through bacterial production of beta lactamases which cleaves the ring).
Can derive Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Ampicillin, etc…
Made by fungus, discovered by A. Fleming. Penicillin interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis.