Biomes 40

Question 1

Biomes

Answer 1

Large ecological area which contains plants and animals showing adaptation to their environment.

Question 2

Biomes are defined by abiotic factors

Answer 2

Topography, Climate, Soil, Vegetation

Question 3

Tundra

Answer 3

Coldest biome, least bio diversity capacity

Question 4

Arctic Tundra

Answer 4

Located around the North Pole, northern hemisphere, canada, russia
Moss, lichen, grasses, and low growing shurbs
<10 inches of rain/year, very cold - permafrost = soil stays waterlogged. Treeless biome
Oxen, bears, wolves, artic foxes, cod and salmon.
-30 to 10

Question 5

Alpine tundra

Answer 5

High altitudes on mountains tops, >11 000 feet
Lacks permafrost. Trees cant grow here, little vegetation. Birds, mountain goats, sheep, and elk.
The Alps, Himalayas, and Scandinavian
Plants are gasses and low woody shrubs. Plants are subject to high radiation, wind, cold, and snow.
~10inches of precipitation/year

Question 6

Taiga or Coniferous Forest

Answer 6

Largest terrestrial biome, Boreal forest
Spruce, Fir, Hemlock, and Pine
NY, Alaska, Canada, Russa, Sweden
Bears, moose, lynx, fox, wolves, hawks- Fur for warmth

Question 7

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Answer 7

South of Taiga. Relatively high amounts of rainfall.
50 inches of rain/year, 10 C average
Deciduous means falling off at a certain season.
Oak, maple, beech, elm trees, very fertile soil. Canopy appearance and disappearance.

Question 8

Tropical Rain Forest

Answer 8

Central America, South America, Africa, Southeast Asian.
155 inches rainful year long. Mean time is same throughout the year.
Highest diversity of plants and animals inhabit this biome. Ideal environment for microorganism.
Produces 40% of O2 on Earth.

Question 9

Epiphytes

Answer 9

Plants that nourishes itself but grows on the surface of another plant for support.

Question 10

Desert

Answer 10

<10 inches of rainfall/year
Can be warm or cold. North American deserts are hot but cold deserts include areas of Antarctica and Greenland. 30 C temperature changes.
Very dry land. Rainshadow, area having little rainfall because it is sheltered by mountains or hills.

Question 11

Succulents

Answer 11

Store water in their tisuses, cacti, woody shrubs.

Question 12

Savanna

Answer 12

Found in Africa, Australia, India
Warm climate tropical
Mostly grasses with few scattered trees (grassland).
Elephants, zebras, horses, and giraffes
Transitional biome- intermediate of forest and desert
Wet Season: 6 months of rainfull, monsoon season
Dry: no rain for months

Question 13

Ungulates

Answer 13

Hooves animals, elephants, zebras, hippos, and giraffes.

Question 14

Chaparral

Answer 14

Very hot and dry, most rain comes in the winter.
Mainly grassland and desert. Trees and cacti
Lizards, rabbits, and coyotes. Many nocturnal animals.
West coast of US and South America.
Both forests and grasslands.
15 inches of rain/year 15 C mean temp.

Question 15

Grasslands

Answer 15

Grasses, herbs, and many flowers with few trees
Called prairies with animals and birds.
Winters can be -20 F and summer over 100 F
25 inches rain/year. Richest soils in the world

Question 16

Marine biome

Answer 16

Largest of all biomes, 70% of the planet

Question 17

Ocean zones

Answer 17

Intertidal, pelagic, benthic zone, abyssal zone

Question 18

Intertidal

Answer 18

Ocean meets land here to form shore. Littoral zone

Question 19

Pelagic

Answer 19

Open ocean, many fish whales and dolphins. Primary plant is photoplankton.

a) euphotic: photosynthesis occurs, bright sunlight
b) dysphotic: some light, not enough for photosyn
c) aphotic: darkest area of the ocean, no photosynthesis

Question 20

Bentic zone

Answer 20

Bottom of the sea and sea floor, made of sand and sediments. Major food there is for the detritus. Marine organisms living there are crabs and clams (also called bentos).

Question 21

Abyssal Zone

Answer 21

Deep ocean, highly pressured and very cold. Invertebrates and fish live there.

Question 22

Estuary

Answer 22

Where freshwater and saltwater merge, river meets an ocean.

Question 23

Lake turnover

Answer 23

In spring/autumn lake waters are well supplied with O2 at all depths.
In winter/summer, O2 is highest at the top and lowest in deeper waters.

Question 24

Eutrophication

Answer 24

Enrichment of a body of water with nutrients, usually in xs. N and P.
It leads to the growth of cyanobacteria and algae, usually for the worse. It is almost always induced when phosphate containing detergents is introduced to an aquatic environment. O2 levels become depleted. When algae die, microorganisms use O2 to decompose them.