Chapter 4 Bio- Acid Base

Question 1

Blood pH

Answer 1

Range of 7.35-7.45
Below 7.35 = Acidosis
Above 7.45 = Alkalosis

Question 2

Acidosis

Answer 2

Depression of CNS synaptic transmission. Disorientation and coma can result.

Question 3

Alkalosis

Answer 3

Hyper excitability in CNS and PNS with nervousness and spams of muscles.

Question 4

Lowering blood pH

Answer 4

CO2, lactic acid, ketone bodies

Question 5

Mechanisms for maintaining pH

Answer 5

1) Buffers
2) CO2 removal by the lungs
3) H+ removal by kidneys

Question 6

Buffer

Answer 6

Help maintain pH, buggers can release or gain H+. The conjugated opposite will react with it acting as a sponge.

Question 7

The principle intracellular buffer

Answer 7

Phosphate buffer
HO- ions neutralized
H2PO4-(aq) + OH (aq) - > HPO42- (aq) + H20
Acid + Base -> Conj Base + Cong acid.
H+ ions are neturalized
HPO42- (aq) + H+ (aq) -> H2PO4-(aq)

Question 8

Principle blood buffer

Answer 8

Bicarbonate

CO2 (aq) + OH-(aq) -> CO2(aq) + H20

Question 9

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 9

pH >7.45
Loss of CO2 from hyperventilation
CO2 levels increase, respiratory center in the brain tells you to breath more rapidly. Rising CO2 and H+ ions are sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid artery.

Question 10

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 10

pH < 7.35
We interfere with H+ Loss.
Emphysematic patients will hypoventilate and the CO2 loss is hindered. It accumulates and H+ will not be removed by HCO3-.
Worsened by asthma, pneumonia, or barbiturates.

Question 11

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 11

pH <7.35
Loss of HCO3- ions through kidney dysfunction or diarrhea. Accumulation of metabolic acids such as in DM (ketone bodies). If kidneys are not working properly, H+ are not effectively removed.

Question 12

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 12

pH > 7.45

Loss of acids. Compensation by hypoventilation, you retain CO2 in your body and will lower the pH.