Fatty Acids Flashcards
What are fatty acids made of?
Hydrocarbon chains with an acid group at one end and a methyl group at the other.
What are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)?
Fatty acids with less than 6 carbon atoms, produced when fiber is fermented in the colon.
What is butyrate’s role in the body?
It is a primary energy source for colon cells and supports colon health (tight junctions).
How do medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) differ from short-chain ones?
MCFAs (6–12 Cs) travel directly to the liver for energy or ketone production. Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) can be used as a source of energy before exercise (e.g. 1tbsp).
What are long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) used for?
They are used to build cell membranes and have 14–22 carbon atoms.
What are very long-chain fatty acids?
Fatty acids with more than 22 carbon atoms, used for cell membrane structure.
How are fatty acids named using the omega system?
By the number of carbon atoms, double bonds, and the position of the first double bond from the omega (methyl) end.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated: No double bonds, solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated: One or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature.
What effect does hydrogenation have on fatty acids?
It turns unsaturated fats into solid fats (e.g., margarine) and creates trans fats, which are harmful.
What problems are caused by trans fats?
They stiffen cell membranes, impair cell function, and are linked to cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and cancer.
What is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids?
Cis: Hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond.
Trans: Hydrogens are on opposite sides of the double bond.
What is Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)?
A natural trans fat found in grass-fed meat and dairy, which may help increase lean muscle mass and reduce body fat.
