EFA Metabolism Flashcards
How does a diet rich in arachidonic acid affect prostaglandin formation?
A diet rich in arachidonic acid leads to the formation of more pro-inflammatory PG2 prostaglandins.
What role does the balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play in prostaglandin production?
The balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids determines which prostaglandins predominate. A higher intake of omega-3s (like EPA and DHA) reduces the formation of pro-inflammatory PG2.
What happens when there is a higher proportion of EPA and DHA in cell membranes?
A higher proportion of EPA and DHA in cell membranes can lead to immune suppression, as these fatty acids reduce the availability of arachidonic acid for pro-inflammatory prostaglandin formation.
How does genetic variability affect EPA and DHA synthesis?
Genetic variability, such as polymorphisms in the delta-6 and delta-5 desaturase genes, affects the synthesis of EPA and DHA, with women of reproductive age converting ALA to EPA more efficiently than men.
What factors inhibit delta-6 and delta-5 desaturase enzymes?
Delta-6 and delta-5 desaturase are inhibited by deficiencies in magnesium, B6, and zinc, insulin resistance, viruses, refined sugars, alcohol, stress hormones, and high intakes of EPA/DHA, trans fats, and cholesterol.
What is the conversion efficiency of ALA to EPA in the human body?
Only 1–20% of ALA is converted to EPA in the body.
How does the conversion of ALA to EPA differ between men and women?
Women of reproductive age convert ALA to EPA 2.5 times more efficiently than men.
