Exam One - 1.6 Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the layers of the skin from superficial to deep?
stratum corneum
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
stratum corneum characteristcs
dead cells
outermost layer
epidermis
superficial layer of stratified epithelium
dermis
vascular
hypodermis
also called subcutaneous later or superficial fascia
general characteristics of skin
- sweat glands
- sensory nerves (to pressure/pain)
- apocrine glands (in armpit/groin) creates musky scent/produces fluid
- blood vessels (artery/vein)
- hair follicles
- arrector pili muscles
- sebaceous (secrete oily fluid to make water loss barrier)
- sensory receptors
characteristics of the epidermis
- its the surface later
- phospholipid layer
- kertinocytes (dead cells linked together)
- desmosomes (hold cell to cell togethers)
- hemidesmosomes (hold cell to connective tissue basal layer)
- epidermal cell
- melanocytes (create melanin)
- basal lamina (border to dermis)
cells of the epidermis
keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cell & merkel cells (immune cells that respond when theres a cut in the skin)
Function of the Dermis
- support the epidermis
- sensation
- thermoregulation
- lubrication
- hair growth
important characteristics between epidermis and dermis
- hemidesmosomes
- desmosomes
- basal lamina
Function of the hypodermis
- insulation
- energy storage
- connects skin to muscle/bone (padding for organs)
Other structures in skin
nails and hair
General overall functions of the integumentary system
protection
prevents water loss
regulated body temperature
defends against pathogens
allows sensation
excretes substances
regulated Ca+ levels
produces vitamin D
What is vitamin D important for?
increased Gut Ca+ absorption
increased bone calcification
increased bone reabsorption
decreased renal Ca+ and phosphate excretion
