Exam Four - Pulmonary 4 Flashcards
COPD is the _____ leading cause of death in the US from smoking
3rd
COPD is a combination of
emphysema (destruction of air sacs) and chronic bronchitis (inflammation)
COPD is a progressive, _________ loss of lung function
incurable
symptoms of COPD
difficulty breathing
inflammatory response in lungs
narrowing of the small airways
breakdown of lung tissue
causes of COPD
tabacco smoking
air pullutants
genetics
prevalence in US is _%
6.3
COPD cachexia develops in _____% of patients
20-40
risk factors for COPD
exposure to tobacco smoke
people with asthma who smoke
occupational exposure to dust and chemical
exposure to fumes from burning fuel
AGE
genetics
t or f, symptoms of COPD don’t appear until significant lung damage has occured
true
COPD symtoms
shortness of breath
wheezing
chest tightness
excess mucus in lungs
chronic cough
lack of energy
edema in ankles, legs, or feet
exacerbation episodes
etiology of COPD
long term exposure to lung irritants
true or false, rarely, a genertic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsn deficiency may cause COPD
true
true or false, people who have asthma can develop COPD
true
complications of COPD
respiratory infection
heart probs
lung cancer
high blood pressure in lung arteries
depression
cachexia
diagnosis of COPD
know risk factors, stethoscope to listen for wheezing, spirometry, check xray or ct, arterial blood gas test
treatment for COPD
lifestyle changes, brochodilators/glucocorticosteroids, vaccines, pulmonary rehab, o2 therapy, surgery
asthma def
condition which airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. this can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
asthma episode normally results from an ________ or other forms of ________
allergic reaction, hypersensitivity
males or females have higher rates of asthma
demale
rank in order hispanic, whites and blacks for asthma prevalence
black is highest, then white, the hispanic.
risk factors for asthma
genetic
comorbid allergic reaction
overweight
smoking
exposure to second hand smoke
exposure to irritant
symptoms of asthma
shortness of breath
chest tightness
trouble sleeping
whistle sound when exhaling
sign that asthma is probably worsening
need to use a quick relief inhaler more often
3 types of asthma flare ups
- exercise induced
- occupational asthma
- allergy-induced asthma
etiology of asthma
essentially unknown
long term asthma control
inhaled corticosteroids
long acting beta agonists
combination inhalers
rescue medications for asthma
short acting beta agonists
true or false, allergy meds help with asthma
true
