Exam Four - Renal Two Flashcards
what 2 systems work together to integrate fluid and electrolyte balance
- cardiopulmonary
- kidneys
the cardiopulmonary system has a _______ response and is under ________ control
rapid, neural
the kidneys have a _______ response and are under ________ control
slow, endocrine/neuroendocrine
the kidneys can conserve water, but not
replace it
low osmolarity =
high water
high osmolarity =
low water
osmolarity in urine represents how much…
water is excreted in urine
diuresis
removing excess water in urine
3 ways to regulate fluid volume
- monitor osmotic pressure of plasma
- monitor right atrial pressure/acute atrial stretch
- monitor perfusion pressure in the kidney
if you increase osmolarity of urine, what happens?
increase ADH secretion
increase concentration of urine
increase H2O reabsorption
decrease urine volume
if you increase the right atrial stretch receptor, what happens
increase natriuretic peptide release
increase Na loss in urine
increase water loss
increased dilution of urine
increased urine volume
if you decrease the perfusion pressure in the kidney what happens
increase in renin/angiotensin/and aldosterone
vasoconstriction
increase water reabsorption
increase Na retention
decrease urine volume
vasopressin has a ___- effect
graded
vasopressin stimulates _________ into apical membrane with membrane recycling
aquaporin insertion
true or false, vasopressin secretion exhibits a circadian pattern
true, so you don’t have to pee all night
vasopressin increases __________ permeability to water
collecting duct epithelium
where does vasopressin come from
hypothalamus releases ADH from posterior pituitary
true or false, there is a directly proportional release of vasopressin as plasma osmolarity increases
true
what is a countercurrent multiplier
flow of 2 systems in opposite directions
what two structures does the renal countercurrent multiplier include
loop of henle and peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
urea ___ interstitial osmo
increases
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is secreted from
myocardial cells in the atria
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted from
myocardial cells in the ventricals
ANP and BNP ______ sodium and water absorption by kidney tubules
inhibit
ANP and BNP _______ secretion of renin and aldosterone
inhibit
ANP and BNP ________ the afferent arterioles, ________ the efferent arterioles
vasodilate, constrict
ANP and BNP ____ urine formation, leading to _______ blood volume and blood pressure, promote sodium and water loss
increase, decrease
ANP and BNP always lead to
NaCl and water excretion
