Exam Four - Renal Two

Question 1

what 2 systems work together to integrate fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 1

• cardiopulmonary
• kidneys

Question 2

the cardiopulmonary system has a _______ response and is under ________ control

Answer 2

rapid, neural

Question 3

the kidneys have a _______ response and are under ________ control

Answer 3

slow, endocrine/neuroendocrine

Question 4

the kidneys can conserve water, but not

Answer 4

replace it

Question 5

low osmolarity =

Answer 5

high water

Question 6

high osmolarity =

Answer 6

low water

Question 7

osmolarity in urine represents how much…

Answer 7

water is excreted in urine

Question 8

diuresis

Answer 8

removing excess water in urine

Question 9

3 ways to regulate fluid volume

Answer 9

• monitor osmotic pressure of plasma
• monitor right atrial pressure/acute atrial stretch
• monitor perfusion pressure in the kidney

Question 10

if you increase osmolarity of urine, what happens?

Answer 10

increase ADH secretion
increase concentration of urine
increase H2O reabsorption
decrease urine volume

Question 11

if you increase the right atrial stretch receptor, what happens

Answer 11

increase natriuretic peptide release
increase Na loss in urine
increase water loss
increased dilution of urine
increased urine volume

Question 12

if you decrease the perfusion pressure in the kidney what happens

Answer 12

increase in renin/angiotensin/and aldosterone
vasoconstriction
increase water reabsorption
increase Na retention
decrease urine volume

Question 13

vasopressin has a ___- effect

Answer 13

graded

Question 14

vasopressin stimulates _________ into apical membrane with membrane recycling

Answer 14

aquaporin insertion

Question 15

true or false, vasopressin secretion exhibits a circadian pattern

Answer 15

true, so you don’t have to pee all night

Question 16

vasopressin increases __________ permeability to water

Answer 16

collecting duct epithelium

Question 17

where does vasopressin come from

Answer 17

hypothalamus releases ADH from posterior pituitary

Question 18

true or false, there is a directly proportional release of vasopressin as plasma osmolarity increases

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what is a countercurrent multiplier

Answer 19

flow of 2 systems in opposite directions

Question 20

what two structures does the renal countercurrent multiplier include

Answer 20

loop of henle and peritubular capillaries/vasa recta

Question 21

urea ___ interstitial osmo

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is secreted from

Answer 22

myocardial cells in the atria

Question 23

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted from

Answer 23

myocardial cells in the ventricals

Question 24

ANP and BNP ______ sodium and water absorption by kidney tubules

Answer 24

inhibit

Question 25

ANP and BNP _______ secretion of renin and aldosterone

Answer 25

inhibit

Question 26

ANP and BNP ________ the afferent arterioles, ________ the efferent arterioles

Answer 26

vasodilate, constrict

Question 27

ANP and BNP ____ urine formation, leading to _______ blood volume and blood pressure, promote sodium and water loss

Answer 27

increase, decrease

Question 28

ANP and BNP always lead to

Answer 28

NaCl and water excretion