Exam One - 1.3 Basic Cell Physiology Flashcards
What are the three main body cavities?
cranial
thoracic
abdominopelvic
True or False? All lumens are internal
False - digestive tract
What are the three fluid compartments?
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - includes plasma and interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
What are body compartments separated by?
Membranes
What are the functions of the membrane?
isolation
regulation
communication
structural
secretion
Do membrane lipids form a hydrophobic barrier or a hydrophilic barrier?
hydrophobic
Glycosylation
carbs attach to lipids and prteins
What is a glycocalyx?
a protective layer on external surface of the cell.
formed by glycolipids and glycoproteins
Intracellular compartments
cell membrane
cytoplasm (cytosol, inclusions, cytoskeleton, organelles)
nucleus
Inclusions?
lack membrane in the cytosol
are nutrient storage (glycogen granules and lipid droplets)
ribosomes are an example
What are the three cytoplasmic protein fibers from smallest to largest?
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubles
What are microfilaments made of?
actin fiber
what are intermediate filaments made of?
keratin and neurofilament
what are microtubules made of?
tubulin
Microvilli are an extension of what fiber outside the cell?
microfilaments
Microtubules form what?
centrioles
Centrioles are important for what cell function?
cell division/mitosis
What do microtubules form outside the cell?
Cilia and flagella
What are the five cytoskeleton functions?
1 - cell shape
2 - internal organization
3 - intracellular transport
4 - assembly of cells into tissues
5 - movement
How do motor proteins create movement?
Use ATP to create movement along cytoskeletal proteins
Myosins create…
muscle contraction
Kinesins, dyneins create…
movement of vesicles along microtubules
Dyneins create…
movement of cilia and flagella
mitochondria
essential role in APT production
double membrane
Rough ER
synthesis of proteins
smooth ER
synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and lipids
golgi apparatus
sorts, modifies, and packages proteins into vesicles
vesicles
can be storage or secretory
lysosomes
break down bacteria, old organelles, and proteins
“recycling center”
peroxisomes
break down fatty acids and toxic material
nucelus
cellular control center
nuclear envelope
two membranes with pores
steps of protein production
transcription
translation
post-translational modification
four types of tissue
epithelial
connective
muscle
neural/nerve
histology
study of tissue structure and function
What are five types of epethelial tissue?
exchange
transporting
ciliated
protective
secretory
exchange epithelium
very thin flat cells
allow gas exchange
line blood vessels and lungs
called endothelium in the heart and blood vessels
transporting epithelium
apical membrane faces lumen
basolateral membrane faces ECM
ciliated epithelium
cilia move fluid and particles
in respiratory system and female reproductive tract
protective epithelia
prevent exchange
protect areas subject to mechanical and chemical stress
like skin and lining of digestive system lumen
secretory epithelium
produce and secrete substance into extracellular space
exocrine glands
release products externally
serous secretions
watery
mucous secretions
viscous/sticky
endocrine glands
release hormones internally
loose connective tissue
elastic, flexible tissue under skin
provide support for organs
dense connective tissue
irregular and regular
provide strength or flexibility
collagen fibers or tendon and ligaments are packed into parallel bundles
muscle tissue types
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
contractile tissue
neural tissue
neurons and glia
tissue remodeling
cell death via necrosis (die from outside trauma) or apoptosis (suicide)
3 kinds of stem cells
totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent
Organs are…
groups of tissues with related function
