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PathoPhysiology > Exam One - 1.3 Basic Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Exam One - 1.3 Basic Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main body cavities?

A

cranial
thoracic
abdominopelvic

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2
Q

True or False? All lumens are internal

A

False - digestive tract

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3
Q

What are the three fluid compartments?

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF) - includes plasma and interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid (ICF)

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4
Q

What are body compartments separated by?

A

Membranes

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5
Q

What are the functions of the membrane?

A

isolation
regulation
communication
structural
secretion

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6
Q

Do membrane lipids form a hydrophobic barrier or a hydrophilic barrier?

A

hydrophobic

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7
Q

Glycosylation

A

carbs attach to lipids and prteins

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8
Q

What is a glycocalyx?

A

a protective layer on external surface of the cell.
formed by glycolipids and glycoproteins

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9
Q

Intracellular compartments

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm (cytosol, inclusions, cytoskeleton, organelles)
nucleus

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10
Q

Inclusions?

A

lack membrane in the cytosol
are nutrient storage (glycogen granules and lipid droplets)
ribosomes are an example

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11
Q

What are the three cytoplasmic protein fibers from smallest to largest?

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubles

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12
Q

What are microfilaments made of?

A

actin fiber

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13
Q

what are intermediate filaments made of?

A

keratin and neurofilament

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14
Q

what are microtubules made of?

A

tubulin

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15
Q

Microvilli are an extension of what fiber outside the cell?

A

microfilaments

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16
Q

Microtubules form what?

A

centrioles

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17
Q

Centrioles are important for what cell function?

A

cell division/mitosis

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18
Q

What do microtubules form outside the cell?

A

Cilia and flagella

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19
Q

What are the five cytoskeleton functions?

A

1 - cell shape
2 - internal organization
3 - intracellular transport
4 - assembly of cells into tissues
5 - movement

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20
Q

How do motor proteins create movement?

A

Use ATP to create movement along cytoskeletal proteins

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21
Q

Myosins create…

A

muscle contraction

22
Q

Kinesins, dyneins create…

A

movement of vesicles along microtubules

23
Q

Dyneins create…

A

movement of cilia and flagella

24
Q

mitochondria

A

essential role in APT production
double membrane

25
Q

Rough ER

A

synthesis of proteins

26
Q

smooth ER

A

synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and lipids

27
Q

golgi apparatus

A

sorts, modifies, and packages proteins into vesicles

28
Q

vesicles

A

can be storage or secretory

29
Q

lysosomes

A

break down bacteria, old organelles, and proteins
“recycling center”

30
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down fatty acids and toxic material

31
Q

nucelus

A

cellular control center

32
Q

nuclear envelope

A

two membranes with pores

33
Q

steps of protein production

A

transcription
translation
post-translational modification

34
Q

four types of tissue

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
neural/nerve

35
Q

histology

A

study of tissue structure and function

36
Q

What are five types of epethelial tissue?

A

exchange
transporting
ciliated
protective
secretory

37
Q

exchange epithelium

A

very thin flat cells
allow gas exchange
line blood vessels and lungs
called endothelium in the heart and blood vessels

38
Q

transporting epithelium

A

apical membrane faces lumen
basolateral membrane faces ECM

39
Q

ciliated epithelium

A

cilia move fluid and particles
in respiratory system and female reproductive tract

40
Q

protective epithelia

A

prevent exchange
protect areas subject to mechanical and chemical stress
like skin and lining of digestive system lumen

41
Q

secretory epithelium

A

produce and secrete substance into extracellular space

42
Q

exocrine glands

A

release products externally

43
Q

serous secretions

A

watery

44
Q

mucous secretions

A

viscous/sticky

45
Q

endocrine glands

A

release hormones internally

46
Q

loose connective tissue

A

elastic, flexible tissue under skin
provide support for organs

47
Q

dense connective tissue

A

irregular and regular
provide strength or flexibility
collagen fibers or tendon and ligaments are packed into parallel bundles

48
Q

muscle tissue types

A

cardiac, smooth, skeletal
contractile tissue

49
Q

neural tissue

A

neurons and glia

50
Q

tissue remodeling

A

cell death via necrosis (die from outside trauma) or apoptosis (suicide)

51
Q

3 kinds of stem cells

A

totipotent
pluripotent
multipotent

52
Q

Organs are…

A

groups of tissues with related function

PathoPhysiology (29 decks)

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