Exam Five - Digestive System Two

Question 1

What are the three functions of the stomach (gastric phase)?

Answer 1

1 - storage
2 - digestion
3 - defense

Question 2

digestive activity in the stomach begins with ______________ of cephalic phase and then food in stomach initiates ______ of gastric phase

Answer 2

• long vagal reflex
• short reflexes

Question 3

what is the name of the sphincter that controls food entering the stomach?

Answer 3

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 4

what is the name of the sphincter that controls food entering the duodenum?

Answer 4

pyloric sphincter

Question 5

The surface area of the stomach is increased by:

Answer 5

invaginations called gastric glands

Question 6

G cells secrete?

Answer 6

Gastrin

Question 7

parietal cells secrete?

Answer 7

gastric acid (HCL)
and intrinsic factor (go into food and save B12 from acid)

Question 8

chief cells secrete

Answer 8

pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 9

D cells secrete?

Answer 9

somatostatin (shuts down motility and acid production; fewer of these cells so have a delayed response)

Question 10

ECL secretes

Answer 10

histamine (secretion of acid and mucus)

Question 11

stomach protects itself with a ________ barrier which prevents auto________–

Answer 11

mucus bicarbonate
autodigestion

Question 12

mucus cells secrete ______ and ________

Answer 12

mucus and bicarbonate

Question 13

what receptor is not functional in cystic fibrosis?

Answer 13

CFTR, prevents Cl from traveling to lumen

Question 14

Why is a nonfunctional CFTR receptor in cystic fibrosis a bad thing?

Answer 14

it prevents Cl from going into lumen, which means water won’t follow, which means the mucus layer is too thick which causes severe dysfunction

Question 15

why is motility in the small intestine controlled?

Answer 15

segmental and peristaltic contractions ensure small intestine isn’t overwhelmed by chyme

Question 16

how does the small intestine maximize surface area?

Answer 16

microvilli, villi, and crypts
(brush border)

Question 17

where do nutrients absorbed in small intestine go?

Answer 17

most go to hepatic portal system
fats use lymphatic circulation to enter circulatory system

Question 18

what are some functions of the liver

Answer 18

filters blood (biliruben)
releases glycogen
filters nutrients absorbed by intestines

Question 19

What are 5 intestinal secretions that promote digestion?

Answer 19

1 - digestive enzymes
2 - bile
3 - bicarbonate secretion
4 - mucus
5 - isotonic NaCl secretion

Question 20

what is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 20

islet cells
secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 21

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 21

acini cells
secretes digestive enzymes (trypsinogen = master enzyme) and sodium bicarbonate

Question 22

T or F: GALT is the largest part of the immune system and aids in fat digestion

Answer 22

true!

Question 23

T or F: chymotrypsinogen is the master enzyme?

Answer 23

false, trypsinogen is!

Question 24

The hepatic system includes:

Answer 24

liver, gall bladder, and hepatic portal system

Question 25

what is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 25

store bile formed in liver

Question 26

what happens when you remove the gall bladder

Answer 26

it becomes very difficult to digest fatty foods

Question 27

what is the largest internal organ

Answer 27

liver, gets larger with increased poison processing

Question 28

_________ takes bile made in the liber to the gallbladder for storage

Answer 28

common hepatic duct

Question 29

__________ takes bile from the gallbladder to the lumen of the small intestine

Answer 29

common bile duct

Question 30

_________ brings oxygenated blood containing metabolites from peripheral tissues to the liver

Answer 30

hepatic artery

Question 31

_____________ is rich in obsorbed nutrients from the GI tract and contains hemoglobin breakdown products from the spleen

Answer 31

hepatic portal vein blood

Question 32

__________- controls release of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum

Answer 32

sphincter of oddi

Question 33

_________ coat lipids to make emulsions

Answer 33

biles salts

Question 34

T or F: bile is the route of excess cholesterol disposal

Answer 34

T, also disposes bilirubin

Question 35

most lipids are ___ and must be emulsified to facilitate digestion in the aqueous environment of the intestine

Answer 35

hydrophobic

Question 36

_______ are small discs with bile salts, phospholipids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and mono/diglycerides

Answer 36

michelles

Question 37

_______ and _______ digest triglycerides

Answer 37

lipase and colipase

Question 38

T or F: only monosaccharides can transfer through small intestine cells

Answer 38

T