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PathoPhysiology > Exam One - 1.5 Membrane Dynamics > Flashcards

Exam One - 1.5 Membrane Dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What contributes to homeostatic dynamic disequilibrum?

A
  • two fluid compartments (ICF and ECF)
  • osmotic equilibrium
  • chemical disequilibrium
  • electrical disequilibrium
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2
Q

Explain water content differences between sex and age

A
  • no difference as kids between sex
  • during puberty men have more water
  • males have more water at older ages
    different because of test levels
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3
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water across a membrane

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4
Q

osmotic pressure

A

the pressure that must be applied to oppose osmosis

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5
Q

Molarity

A

expresses concentration

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6
Q

Osmolarity

A

expresses number of osmotically active particles

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter

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7
Q

Is molarity or osmolarity more relevant for physiology?

A

osmolarity

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8
Q

osmolality

A

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram

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9
Q

t or f? isosmotic is not always isotonic

A

true

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10
Q

t or f? hyperosmotic is not always hypertonic

A

true

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11
Q

t or f? hyposmotic is always hypotonic

A

true

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12
Q

isosmotic

A

equal osmotic pressure, equal solutes
cell size doesnt change

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13
Q

hyperosmotic

A

more solutes
cells shrink

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14
Q

hyposmotic

A

less solutes
cells swell

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15
Q

tonicity describes…

A

volume change of cells

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16
Q

tonicity depends on…

A

the concentration of the nonpenetrating solutes

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17
Q

osmolarity (osmol/liter) =

A

molarity (M, moles/liter) x particles/molecule (osmol/M)

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18
Q

4 different transport processes

A

diffusion
protein-mediated transport
vesicular transport
epithelial transport

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19
Q

Diffusion (7)

A

1 - passive process
2 - high concentration to low concentration
3 - net movement until concentration is equal
4 - rapid over short distances
5 - directly related to temperature
6 - inversely related to molecular weight and size
7 - open system or across a partition

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20
Q

Simple diffusion of lipophilic molecules have two extra properties…

A

rate depends on solubility in lipids
proportional to surface area of the membrane

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21
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

ion movement combination of concentration (chemical) gradient and electrochemical gradient

22
Q

4 major functions of membrane proteins

A

1 - structural proteins
2 - membrane enzymes
3 - membrane receptor proteins
4 - transport proteins (channel and carrier proteins)

23
Q

4 types of open, water-filled channel proteins

A

1 - water channels
2 - ion channels
3 - open channels (leak and pores)
4 - gated channel (chemically, voltage, and mechanically gated channels)

24
Q

2 types of protein - mediated transport

A

facilitated diffusion
carrier transport

25
Q

3 types of carrier transport

A

symport - carries 2 things at once same direction
antiport - carries 2 things at once in opposite directions
uniport - only carries one thing

26
Q

Does active transport move substances with or against concentration gradients?

A

Against

27
Q

2 types of energy active transport can use:

A

Primary (direct) - use ATP
Secondary (indirect) - uses potential energy stored in concentration gradients of one molecule to push another against its gradient

28
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

antiporter
active transport
use ATP energy

29
Q

sodium glucose cotransporter

A

uses concentration gradient for potential energy
Na goes with gradient
Glucose against gradient

30
Q

transport rate is proportional to _________ until the carriers are _____________

A

substrate concentration,
saturated

31
Q

phagocytosis

A

eats bad stuff

32
Q

2 kinds of endocytosis

A

clathrin - mediated
caveolae - mediated

33
Q

clathrin - mediated

A

enters cell and most often ends up in lysosome

34
Q

caveolae - mediated

A

enters cell and gets used by ER to make stuff

35
Q

Exocytosis releases molecules ______________ for transport proteins or for large volumes

A

too large

36
Q

transporting epithelia are __________

A

polarized

37
Q

explain transepithelial absorption of glucose

A

1 - Na and glucose symporter. Na is going from high to low, glucose is going from low to high
2 - glute transporter - now going from high in the cell to low in ECF
3 - NaK ATPase NA going from low to high(ECF) and K going into cell

38
Q

transcytosis

A

vesicles cross an epithelium
requires energy
keeps transported materials intact

39
Q

body is electrically _______

A

neutral

40
Q

chemical disequilibrium between?

A

ICF and ECF

41
Q

ICF has a net ________ charge

A

negative

42
Q

ECF has a net ___________ charge

A

positive

43
Q

Explain why K wants to leave cell due to concentration gradient but enter cell due to electrical gradient

A

there is more K inside cell than outside therefore it wants to leave due to concentration gradient
K is positive and the inside of the cell is negative. The positive charge outside the cell repels K because K is also slightly positive

44
Q

Potential energy of the membrane is stored in the ?

A

electrochemical gradient

45
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of cell?

A

about -70mV

46
Q

depolarization

A

shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside cell

47
Q

repolarization

A

change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a less negative (mroe positive) value

48
Q

hyperpolarization

A

change in a cell’s membrane potential that makes it more negative

49
Q

Insulin secretion and membrane transport if there are low glucose levels in the blood:

A

1 - low glucose levels in blood
2 - metabolism slows
3 - ATP decreases
4 - KATP channels open and K leaks out of cell
5 - cell at resting membrane potential (Ca+ channels closed) and no insulin is released

50
Q

Insulin secretion and membrane transport if there are high levels of glucose in the blood:

A

1 - high levels of glucose in blood
2 - metabolism increases (glycolysis and CAC)
3 - ATP increases
4 - KATP channels close and K doesn’t leak out
5 - cell depolarizes and Ca+ channels open
6 - Ca+ entry acts as an intracellular signal
7 - Ca+ signal triggers exocytosis and insulin is released

PathoPhysiology (29 decks)

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