Exam 4: Respiratory Tissue Flashcards
3 main functions of resp system
Air conduction, filtration and gas exchange
Components of extrapulmonary conducting airway
Nasal vestibule and cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi
Components of intrapulmonary conducting airway
Secondary (lobular) bronchi, tertiary (segmental) bronchi, terminal bronchi, primary (lobular) bronchioles, secondary pulmonary lobule
Anthracotic pigment
Carbon pigment picked up by macrophages, flows thru lymph and outlines secondary pulmonary lobules
Respiratory Airways
Each respiratory bronchiole supplies a respiratory bronchiolar unit (aka: primary pulmonary lobule)
Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Olfactory receptor cells
Component of olfactory epith, bipolar neurons, single dendrite toward apical surface w/ dilated end called olfactory vesicle: 6-8 non-motile cilia project from vesicle. Axon ensheathed by special glial cell (similar to astrocytes and non-myelinating Schwann cells), form bundles of nerve fibers
Sustentacular Cells
Component of olfactory epith, Supporting cells, columnar, apical microvilli form striated border. Support and nourish olfactory cells, insulate them from one another. Contain lipofuscin granules = yellow-brown color to mucosa
Brush Cells
Component of olfactory epith, Basal domain in synaptic contact w/ branches of CN V
Transduction of sensory stimulation of mucosa. Microvilli on apical domain
Basal Cells
Component of olfactory epith, don’t reach apical surface, regenerative cells, mature into brush, sustentatuclar and olfactory receptor cells
Components of lamina propria in olfactory region of nasal cavity
Bowman’s glands: serous product contains odorant-binding protein
Swell Bodies: blood vessels
Unmyelinated nerve fibers and bundles
Wall layers of trachea and primary bronchus
Musosa, Submucosa (w/ glands), Cartilage, Trachealis, Adventitia
Wall layers of intrapulmonary bronchi
Mucosa, Muscularis, Submucosa (w/ glands), Cartilage, Adventitia
Wall layers of bronchioles
Mucosa, Muscularis, Fibroelastic CT layer (lack cartilage, submucosa, and glands)
Typical respiratory epithelium
pseudostratified columnar with cilia
Epithelium of areas that have more forces applied to it
stratified squamous, nonker
tongue, epiglottis, true vocal cord
Modifications to airway of people with asthma (and chronic bronchitis)
Increased thickness of basal lamina, increased mucus, increased thickness of lamina propria (edema and emigration of inflammatory cells), increased thickness of muscularis, increased glands in submucosa
Club cells
Located in terminal and respiratory bronchioles
Produce surfactant-like substance and CC 16 protein (anti inflammatory)
Stem cell
Cell type of Terminal bronchiole
simple columnar
Cell type of respiratory bronchiole
simple cuboidal
Cell type of alveolar ducts
simple squamous
Cellular residents of alveoli
Epithelial cells (Type I and II pneumocytes, Brush cells) Macrophages
Type II pneumocytes
cuboidal, have microvili
Produce surfactant - reduce surface tension of alveolus (stimulated by corticosteroids)
Contain Lamellar bodies
Capable of cell division to replace self and type I
Type I pneumocytes
flat, squamous cells
decrease blood-air barrier
Where exchange of air takes place
Contributes more to surface area (event though less cells than type II)
Reinke’s Space
part of lamina propria lying between basal lamina and vocal ligament
Interalveolar septum
space between adjacent alveolar epithelium
Contains capillary
Blood-air barrier formed by
Surfactant
Type I alveolar cell and their fused basal laminae
Endothelial cell of capillary
