Exam 4: Respiratory Tissue

Question 1

3 main functions of resp system

Answer 1

Air conduction, filtration and gas exchange

Question 2

Components of extrapulmonary conducting airway

Answer 2

Nasal vestibule and cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi

Question 3

Components of intrapulmonary conducting airway

Answer 3

Secondary (lobular) bronchi, tertiary (segmental) bronchi, terminal bronchi, primary (lobular) bronchioles, secondary pulmonary lobule

Question 4

Anthracotic pigment

Answer 4

Carbon pigment picked up by macrophages, flows thru lymph and outlines secondary pulmonary lobules

Question 5

Respiratory Airways

Answer 5

Each respiratory bronchiole supplies a respiratory bronchiolar unit (aka: primary pulmonary lobule)
Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 6

Olfactory receptor cells

Answer 6

Component of olfactory epith, bipolar neurons, single dendrite toward apical surface w/ dilated end called olfactory vesicle: 6-8 non-motile cilia project from vesicle. Axon ensheathed by special glial cell (similar to astrocytes and non-myelinating Schwann cells), form bundles of nerve fibers

Question 7

Sustentacular Cells

Answer 7

Component of olfactory epith, Supporting cells, columnar, apical microvilli form striated border. Support and nourish olfactory cells, insulate them from one another. Contain lipofuscin granules = yellow-brown color to mucosa

Question 8

Brush Cells

Answer 8

Component of olfactory epith, Basal domain in synaptic contact w/ branches of CN V
Transduction of sensory stimulation of mucosa. Microvilli on apical domain

Question 9

Basal Cells

Answer 9

Component of olfactory epith, don’t reach apical surface, regenerative cells, mature into brush, sustentatuclar and olfactory receptor cells

Question 10

Components of lamina propria in olfactory region of nasal cavity

Answer 10

Bowman’s glands: serous product contains odorant-binding protein
Swell Bodies: blood vessels
Unmyelinated nerve fibers and bundles

Question 11

Wall layers of trachea and primary bronchus

Answer 11

Musosa, Submucosa (w/ glands), Cartilage, Trachealis, Adventitia

Question 12

Wall layers of intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 12

Mucosa, Muscularis, Submucosa (w/ glands), Cartilage, Adventitia

Question 13

Wall layers of bronchioles

Answer 13

Mucosa, Muscularis, Fibroelastic CT layer (lack cartilage, submucosa, and glands)

Question 14

Typical respiratory epithelium

Answer 14

pseudostratified columnar with cilia

Question 15

Epithelium of areas that have more forces applied to it

Answer 15

stratified squamous, nonker

tongue, epiglottis, true vocal cord

Question 16

Modifications to airway of people with asthma (and chronic bronchitis)

Answer 16

Increased thickness of basal lamina, increased mucus, increased thickness of lamina propria (edema and emigration of inflammatory cells), increased thickness of muscularis, increased glands in submucosa

Question 17

Club cells

Answer 17

Located in terminal and respiratory bronchioles
Produce surfactant-like substance and CC 16 protein (anti inflammatory)
Stem cell

Question 18

Cell type of Terminal bronchiole

Answer 18

simple columnar

Question 19

Cell type of respiratory bronchiole

Answer 19

simple cuboidal

Question 20

Cell type of alveolar ducts

Answer 20

simple squamous

Question 21

Cellular residents of alveoli

Answer 21

Epithelial cells (Type I and II pneumocytes, Brush cells)
Macrophages

Question 22

Type II pneumocytes

Answer 22

cuboidal, have microvili
Produce surfactant - reduce surface tension of alveolus (stimulated by corticosteroids)
Contain Lamellar bodies
Capable of cell division to replace self and type I

Question 23

Type I pneumocytes

Answer 23

flat, squamous cells
decrease blood-air barrier
Where exchange of air takes place
Contributes more to surface area (event though less cells than type II)

Question 24

Reinke’s Space

Answer 24

part of lamina propria lying between basal lamina and vocal ligament

Question 25

Interalveolar septum

Answer 25

space between adjacent alveolar epithelium

Contains capillary

Question 26

Blood-air barrier formed by

Answer 26

Surfactant
Type I alveolar cell and their fused basal laminae
Endothelial cell of capillary