Exam 2: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

Structure, defense and protection, nutrition, fat depot for cushioning, insulation, and energy reserves

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2
Q

Fixed cells

A

Fibroblasts, collagen, myofibroblasts, adipocytes, Mast cells, Macrophages

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3
Q

Migratory cells

A

Plasma cells, leukocytes,

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4
Q

Active Fibroblasts

A

Synthesize and secrete fibers and ground substance - basophilic ribosomes, euchromatic nucleus, well developed Golgi body and mitochondria
Typically do not divide but may do so during wound healing

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5
Q

Quiescent Fibroblasts

A

fibrocyte
Smaller than fibroblast, spindle shaped, fewer processes, cytoplasm is eosinophilic, nucleus elongated and heterochromatic, nucleoli not visible
When stimulated, become active fibroblasts

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6
Q

Hydroxylation of the preprocollagen occurs in the

A

rER

Is Vitamin C dependent

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7
Q

Assembly of the procollagen molecules (triple helix) occurs in

A

the rER

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8
Q

Packaging of soluble procollagen in secretory vesicles occurs in

A

the Golgi body

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9
Q

Cleavage of the nonhelical terminal peptides of procollagen by peptidases occurs in

A

the extracellular matrix

procollagen aggregates into collagen fibrils

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10
Q

Myofibroblasts

A

cells that possess characteristics of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (actin and myosin present)
More numerous in areas of wound healing

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11
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

microvascular ischemia leads to trauma to the palmar aponeurosis
Tissue repair causes collagen type I to be replaced by type III, which cross links with myofibroblasts
4th and 5th digits are contracted

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12
Q

Unilocular adipocytes

A

white adipose tissue
Large cells, closely packed
Contain single lipid droplet not bound by a membrane - inside vimentin filaments
Nucleus pushed to periphery of cytoplasm
Signet ring appearance, thin rim of cytoplasm

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13
Q

Adipocytes secrete

A

leptin - work to depress appetite

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14
Q

Lipodystrophies

A

loss of body fat

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15
Q

Absence or defect of normal leptin

A

leads to morbid obesity

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16
Q

Multilocular adipocyte

A

brown adipose tissue
smaller than unilocular cells, many mitochondria, multiple fat droplets in cytoplasm, nucleus spherical and not displaced to periphery

17
Q

Mast cell

A

Derived from bone marrow stem cells, contains metachromatic membrane bound granules
Mediators of inflammatory responses - histamine causes increased mucus production of nasal mucosa for example

18
Q

Macrophages

A

oval nucleus with heterochromatin along nuclear envelope, indented
Well endowed with Golgi complex, rER and lysosome
Phagocytose cellular debris and microorganisms

19
Q

Giant cells

A

fused active macrophages, epithelial-like cells

form in times of chronic inflammatory states

20
Q

Plasma cells

A

Derived from B lymphocytes
Nucleus displays a clock face appearance - clumps of heterochromatin along periphery
Intensively basophilic
Negative Golgi image visible - vesicles immediately secreted, not stored

21
Q

Leukocytes

A

Following inflammation first mainly neutrophils enter tissue, then monocytes enter

22
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

Gel-like ground substance with glycoproteins and GAGs
Reticular fibers
Located in Embryonic intramembranous bone formation

23
Q

Mucous CT

A

contains fibroblasts, hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins
collagen fibers (I and III)
Found in umbilical cord and subdermal in embryo

24
Q

Loose (areolar) CT

A

Contains abundant hyaluronic acid, GAGs, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins in ground tissue
Collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers
Fibroblast, macrophage, adipose, mast cells
Found immediately deep to epithelium, & surrounding blood vessels

25
Dense regular collagenous CT
Sparse ground tissue Densly packed, parallel type I collagen, scattered elastic fibers Fibroblasts flattened between collagen bundles Found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses
26
Dense regular elastic CT
sparse ground tissue, scattered fibroblasts Elastin forms thin sheets of fenestrated membranes, Elastic fibers branch and run parallel to one another Found in ligamenta flava, suspensory ligament of penis, vocal ligament, and arteries
27
Dense irregular CT
Sparse ground tissue with scattered fibroblasts Tightly packed, type I collagen fibers oriented in many axes Elastic fibers are interspersed Found in organ capsules, dermis of skin, and sleeve around nerves
28
Reticular CT
little ground substance Reticular fibers (type III collagen) Reticulocytes Found in red bone marrow, liver, and lymphatic tissue organs
29
White adipose CT
Contains adipocytes with sparse ground substance Reticular fibers found between adipocytes Found in Subcutaneous areas and abdominal cavity
30
Brown Adipose CT
Adipocytes with sparse ground tissue, reticular fibers found between adipocytes Found in limited distribution in fetus and newborn, limited in adult
31
Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament
Knee pain or restricted movement Could be caused by age related degeneration or congenital or acquired synovial tissue entrapment between ACL fibers ACL has celery stalk appearance
32
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
hyperelastic skin and hypermobility of joints | Defect in type I collagen