Exam 2: Ear

Question 1

Auricle

Answer 1

Elastic cartilage

localizes and amplifies sound

Question 2

External acoustic meatus

Answer 2

Lateral 1/3 cartilage, Medial 2/3 temporal bone

Question 3

Tympanic membrane

Answer 3

External surface - thin epidermis
Internal surface - simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelium (mucous membrane of middle ear cavity)
Collagen and elastic fibers radially and circularly arranged with fibroblasts - repair

Question 4

Middle ear function

Answer 4

convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations

Question 5

Middle ear is lined with

Answer 5

simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

Loss of function of middle ear causes

Answer 6

conductive hearing loss

Question 7

Stapes

Answer 7

bone attached to oval window

Question 8

Attenuation reflex

Answer 8

with tensor tympani protects internal ear from damaging loud sounds

Question 9

Otosclerosis

Answer 9

bone remodeling causing Stapes to be fixed onto oval window

Question 10

Auditory tube

Answer 10

connects middle ear to nasopharynx
Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Equalizes pressure in middle ear

Question 11

Mastoid air cells

Answer 11

located within mastoid process of temporal bone

lined with simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

Endolymphatic space

Answer 12

within membranous labyrinth

Contains endolymph fluid - high in K, low Na

Question 13

Perilymphatic space

Answer 13

between membranous and bony labyrinth

Contains perilymph fluid, high in Na, low K

Question 14

Cortilymphatic space

Answer 14

within tunnels of organ of Corti in chochlea

contain cortilymph high in Na, low in K

Question 15

Hair cells

Answer 15

mechanoelectric transducers

Question 16

Type I hair cells

Answer 16

cup-shaped ending surrounding base of cell

Question 17

Type II hair cells

Answer 17

many afferent endings

Question 18

Cristae Ampullaris

Answer 18

sensory receptor within ampulla of semicircular ducts
Detects angular movement of head
Cupula - gelatinous protein attached to hair cells of each crista

Question 19

Macula of utricle and saccule

Answer 19

Utricle (horizontal plane) and saccule (verticle plane)
Hair cells have sterocilia and one kinocilium
Sense linear movement of head

Question 20

Cochlear duct (Scala media)

Answer 20

filled with endolymph
contains organ of Corti
ends at Helicotrema

Question 21

Scala vestibuli

Answer 21

above cochlear duct
starts at oval window
filled with perilymph

Question 22

Scala tympani

Answer 22

below cochlear duct
ends at round window
filled with perilymph

Question 23

Vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane

Answer 23

Separates cochlear duct from Scale vestibuli
Roof of Scala media
Two layers of squamous epithelium - tight junctions

Question 24

Stria vascularis

Answer 24

Produces endolymp

in Scala media

Question 25

Basilar membrane

Answer 25

floor of Scala media | supports organ of Corti

Question 26

Organ of Corti

Answer 26

contains inner and outer hair cells - made of sterocilia, no kinocilium

Question 27

Inner and outer phalangeal cells

Answer 27

Contain cortilymph | Hair cells rest on top of phalangeal cells

Question 28

Pillar cells

Answer 28

inner spiral tunnel

Question 29

Tectorial membrane

Answer 29

Collagen type II, V, and IX glycoproteins otogelin and tectorin attaches to hair cells by stereocilia