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Cell Biology > Exam 2: Eye > Flashcards

Exam 2: Eye Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Layers of Eye

A

Fibrous layer (Corneoscleral coat), Vascular Coat (Uvea), Retina

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2
Q

Fibrous layer contains

A

Cornea and Sclera

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3
Q

Vascular Coat contains

A

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

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4
Q

Retina contains

A

Neural and retinal pigment epithelium

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5
Q

Anterior segment is split into

A

Anterior chamber and posterior chamber

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6
Q

Anterior segment contains

A

Aqueous humor, iris, ciliary body and muscle, lens, cornea, anterior sclera

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7
Q

Posterior segment contains

A

Vitreous chamber with vitreous humor, visual retina, RPE, posterior sclera, and uvea

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8
Q

Cornea

A

anterior 1/6 of eye, continuous with sclera
transparent and avascular
Made of 5 layers

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9
Q

5 layers of Cornea

A

Corneal epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, Corneal stroma, Descemet’s membrane, Corneal endothelium

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10
Q

Corneal epithelium

A

stratified squamous (nonkeratinized)
Mitotic activity high to replace injured epithelium
Have microvilli to help retain tears - prevents cornea from drying
Contain ferritin to protect from UV damage
Innervated by ophthalmic division of CN V

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11
Q

Bowman’s membrane (anterior basement membrane)

A

Acellular basement membrane
Doesn’t regenerate
Terminates at Corneoscleral limbus
Strength and stability of cornea, barrier to prevent against infections

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12
Q

Corneal stroma

A

middle layer of cornea, 90% of thickness
Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae at right angle - transparency
Proteoglycans and Collagen V for spacing of collagen fibrils

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13
Q

Descemet’s membrane (Posterior basement membrane)

A

Basement membrane of cornea endothelium, regenerates after injury, thickens with age, interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores
maintain normal curvature of cornea

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14
Q

Corneal endothelium

A

faces anterior chamber of eyeball
Simple squamous epithelium with zonula adherens, zonula occludens, and desmosomes
Metabolic exchanges of cornea

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15
Q

Sclera

A

white of eyeball
posterior 5/6s of eyeball
Tough fibrous connective tissue - maintain shape

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16
Q

Tenon’s capsule

A

fascial sheath over surfvace of sclera

extraocular muscles insert

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17
Q

Corneoscleral limbus

A

location of stem cells for corneal epithelium

Location of iridocorneal angle

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18
Q

Uvea (Vascular coat)

A

Contains Iris, ciliary body, choroid

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19
Q

Iris

A

most anterior portion of uvea
pupil, anterior and posterior pigment epithelium - give iris color
Contractile diaphragm of front of lens

20
Q

Dilator pupillae

A

opens pupil when contracts

Like rays of sun branching out from pupil

21
Q

Sphincter pupillae

A

closes pupil when contracts

wraps around pupil

22
Q

Ciliary body

A

Anterior to ora serrata

Lined by 2 layers of simple columnar epithelium separated by a basement membrane

23
Q

Inner layer of ciliary body epithelium

A

adjacent to aqueous humor, non-pigmented, fluid transporting epithelium

24
Q

Outer layer of ciliary body epithelium

A

pigmented - melanin

Ciliary channels

25
Q

Ciliary Processes

A

75 radial ridges
Secretion and anchoring of zonule fibers - form suspensory ligament of lens
Produces aqueous humor
Form blood-aqueous barrier

26
Q

Flow of aqueous humor

A

Posterior chamber to pupil to anterior chamber to trabecular meschwork to Canal of Schlemm to venous system

27
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

longitudinal fibers stretch choroid
Radial fibers flatten lens - distal vision
Circular fibers reduce tension on lens - near vision

28
Q

Choroid

A

Dark-brown vascular sheet - prevents reflection of light waves
Lies between sclera and retina
Has two layers - Choriocapillary layer and Bruch’s membrane

29
Q

Choriocapillary layer

A

inner vascular layer

richer in small blood vessels -nutrient to retina

30
Q

Bruch’s membrane

A

innermost layer of choroid
5 layers:
Basal lamina, Collagen fibers, Elastic fibers, Collagen fibers, Basal lamina of retina

31
Q

Photosensitive region of retina

A

Posterior to ora serrata

Vision portion of retina

32
Q

Optic disc

A

site where optic nerve joins retina

No photoreceptors - blind spot

33
Q

Macula lutea and fovea centralis

A

fovea centralis contains only cones
Macula lutea surrounds fovea
Greatest point of visual acuity on retina

34
Q

RPE

A

Pigmented layer Most external layer of retina
below rods and cones - dark background for light to be picked up
Simple cuboidal
Mechanical separation occurs at this junction - detached retina

35
Q

Layer of rods and cones

A

Photoreceptive layer

36
Q

Rods

A 
Most abundant
Contains flattened discs
Contain rhodopsion and retinal
Light hyperpolaizes
Low light intensity
37
Q

Cones

A

Sensitive to color (red, blue, and green)

Highly concentrated in Fovea centralis

38
Q

Outer limiting membrane

A

Apical ends of Muller cells = supportive cells

Between Rod and cone layer and Outer nuclear layer

39
Q

Outer nuclear layer

A

Contains nuclei of rods and cones

40
Q

Outer plexiform layer

A

Contains synapses between photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells

41
Q

Inner nuclear layer

A

Contains nuclei of bipolar, horizontal, amacrine, interplexiform, and Muller cells

42
Q

Inner plexiform layer

A

Contains synapses between bipolar, ganglion, interplexiform, and amacrine cells

43
Q

Ganglion cell layer

A

Contains cell bodies of multipolar ganglion cells

Single layer of cells throughout most of retina - none in fovea centralis, but several layers in macula lutea

44
Q

Layer of optic nerve fibers

A

Contains axons of ganglion cells forming the optic nerve

Travels to optic disc

45
Q

Inner limiting membrane

A

Basal laminae of Muller cells

Most internal membrane of retina

46
Q

Lens

A

Biconvex, transparent, elastic
Avascular, no innervation
Contains type IV collagen fibers and proteoglycans in lens capsule
Cuboidal layer of cells on anterior surface of lens

47
Q

Conjuctiva

A

Stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Secretions produce a tear film to protect cornea

Cell Biology (20 decks)

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