Exam 1: Extracellular Matrix

Question 1

Ground substance

Answer 1

transparent, hydrated, fills space between cells and fibers

structure

Question 2

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Answer 2

disaccharides

attract extracellular fluid - hydrating effect resists compression

Question 3

Grave’s disease

Answer 3

increased deposition of GAGs in retro-orbital space

Question 4

Proteoglycans

Answer 4

linear chain of glycosaminoglycans bound to protein core

Non-covalently linked to hyaluronic acid

Question 5

Syndecan

Answer 5

Proteoglycan
transmembrane protein
in fibroblasts, serve as co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor

Question 6

Perlecan

Answer 6

Proteoglycan
found in basement membranes and connective tissues
Cell adhesion, proliferation, development
promotes tumor proliferation and angiogenesis; inactivation results in defective skeletal development

Question 7

Versican

Answer 7

Proteoglycan

cell to cell and cell to ECM interactions

Question 8

Multiadhesive glycoprotein

Answer 8

thether cell to extracellular elements

three binding sites - one for integrin, collagen, and proteoglycan

Question 9

Fibronectin

Answer 9

binds to integrins, collagen, heparin, hyaluronic acid

Located in connective tissue and blood

Question 10

Laminin

Answer 10

Located in basal lamina

binds to integrins, heparan sulfate, collagen, entactin

Question 11

Nidogen (Entactin)

Answer 11

In basal lamina

binds to laminin and collagen

Question 12

Chondronectin

Answer 12

in cartilage

binds to collagen, chondroitin sulfates, integrins

Question 13

Osteonectin

Answer 13

in bones

binds to collagen, proteoglycans, integrins of bone cells

Question 14

Collagen

Answer 14

most abundant protein in body

made of glycine (every 3rd amino acid), hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine

Question 15

Type 1 Collagen

Answer 15

most abundant
in dermis, tendon, bone, fibrocartilage
Resistance to tension
fibril-forming collagen leading to formation of fibers

Question 16

Type II collagen

Answer 16

hyaline and elastic cartilage
Resistance to pressure
fibril forming collagen

Question 17

Type III collagen

Answer 17

in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, smooth muscle, skin, lung
Maintains structure in expansible organs
fibril forming collagen

Question 18

Type IV collagen

Answer 18

found in basal lamina

support delicate structures and filtration

Question 19

Type VII

Answer 19

in Dermis

anchors lamina densa to lamina reticularis

Question 20

Reticular

Answer 20

fibers composed of collagen type III

react with silver and PAS

Question 21

Elastic

Answer 21

imparts tissues with elasticity

slender branched fibers or fenestrated sheets

Question 22

Ehlers-Danlos type IV

Answer 22

defect in type III collagen

cause varicose veins, aortic rupture, intestinal rupture

Question 23

Ehlers-Danlos type VI

Answer 23

defective hydroxylation of lysine

Hyperelasticity of skin, rupture of eyeball

Question 24

Ehlers-Danlos type VII

Answer 24

defect in type I collagen

joint dislcation and hypermobility of joints

Question 25

Scurvy

Answer 25

decreased hydroxylation of proline caused by vitamin C deficiency
Gum ulceration and hemorrhages

Question 26

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 26

defect in type I collagen

Spontaneous fractures and cardiac insufficiency

Question 27

Marfan syndrome

Answer 27

defective synthesis of elastic fibers,

aortic aneurysm , skeletal defects

Question 28

Basal lamina

Answer 28

lamina lucida and lamina densa

Question 29

Basement membrane

Answer 29

BL + lamina fibroreticularis

Question 30

lamina lucida

Answer 30

laminin, entactin, integrins

Question 31

Lamina densa

Answer 31

type IV collagen, fibronectin

Question 32

Lamina fibroreticularis

Answer 32

fibronectin and types I and III collagen