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Cell Biology > Exam 3: Exocrine Glands > Flashcards

Exam 3: Exocrine Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine and exocrine glands are derived from

A

epithelial tissue

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2
Q

Endocrine glands synthesize and release

A

hormones that are transported in the blood to target cells or released into extracellular fluid

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3
Q

Exocrine glands secretions are transported in

A

epithelial-lined excretory ducts; secretions may be modified as they flow through duct system

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4
Q

Exocrine glands are classified based on

A

type of secretion, mode of secretion, and cell numbers

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5
Q

Exocrine gland classification based on type of secretion

A

Mucous glands, Serous glands, Mixed glands, Sebaceous glands

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6
Q

Mucous glands (exocrine) secrete

A

mucinogens, large glycosylated proteins
PAS positive
Mucus can form plugs, like in the airway

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7
Q

Mucin

A

thick protective fluid fromed when mucinogens are hydrated

Component of mucus

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8
Q

Examples of Mucous glands

A

goblet cells and mucous cells of stomach

Have light staining cytoplasm, flat nuclei pushed toward basal region of cell

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9
Q

Serous glands (exocrine) secrete

A

Serous fluid - watery, enriched with enxymes

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10
Q

Examples of serous glands

A

parotid gland and exocrine pancreas

Basophilic, round nucleus

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11
Q

Mixed glands (exocrine) secrete

A

serous and mucous

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12
Q

Examples of mixed glands

A

submandibular and sublingual glands

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13
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete

A

sebum - waxy, oily
found in skin
Clear cytoplasm, but centrally located and spherical nucleus

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14
Q

Classifications based on modes of exocrine gland secretion

A

Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

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15
Q

Merocrine

A

Most common mode of secretion
Secretion occurs via exocytosis
There is no loss of plasmella or cytoplasm

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16
Q

Apocrine

A

Secretory product is released along with apical cytoplasm and plasmalemma, pinches off

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17
Q

Example of Apocrine secretion

A

Lipids from lactating mammary glands

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18
Q

Holocrine

A

Entire cell and its secretory product are released during secretion

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19
Q

Example of Holocrine secretion

A

sebaceous gland vesicles

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20
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

hair shaft penetrates Inflammatory state on cheek - because of sebaceous cells
hair follicle, elictating inflammatory and fibrotic responses
Inflammatory cells, giant cells, and fibrosis can be observed in skin with acne

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21
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands

A

individual secretory cells found in the epithelium
Basal domain has nucleus and organelles (width very narrow)
Apical domain has secretory product

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22
Q

Examples of unicellular exocrine glands

A

goblet cells in GI tube and respiratory airways

23
Q

Multicellular exocrine glands

A

may be organized into secretory sheets (lining of stomach) or secretory tubules with no ducts; may also organize into secretory units and ducts

24
Q

Acinus (alveolus) duct

A

terminal secretory portion is divided by partitions into sacs
Resemble a berry

25
Q

Tubular duct

A

Terminal secretory portion is shaped as a tube

Can be coiled or branched (secretory units are branched but with single or no excretory duct)

26
Q

Simple duct

A

single, unbranched excretory duct conveys the secretory product from secretory unit to epithelial surface

27
Q

Compound duct

A

branching ducts converge to form a single duct that opens onto the epithelial surface

28
Q

Septa from capsule

A

extend into gland to divide it into lobes and lobules

29
Q

Intralobular ducts

A

found within the lobule of the exocrine gland

30
Q

Interlobular ducts

A

found in the connective septa that separates lobules

31
Q

Intercalated duct

A

Type of intralobular duct
Smaller of two
Lined by flattened cuboidal cells

32
Q

Striated duct

A

Type of intralobular duct
Large of two
Mitochondria in basal area & nucleus pushed to apical domain

33
Q

Myoepithelial cells (basket cells)

A

Contractile cells derived from epithelium that surrounds the secretory units of many multicellular glands and small ducts
Contains actin and myosin and cytokeratin
Connect to epithelial cells by desmosomes and gap junctions

34
Q

Contraction of myoepithelial cells

A

expresses secretion from the gland

35
Q

Compound glands

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual, Pancreas

36
Q

Parotid gland classification

A 
Compound acinar
Contains Intralobular (intercalated and striated) and Interlobular ducts
37
Q

Parotid gland secretion

A

only serous

38
Q

Submandibular gland classification

A

Compound tubuloacinar

Contains intralobular ducts & interlobular ducts - intercalated ducts are short and striated ducts are prominent

39
Q

Submandibular gland secretes

A

Mixed secretions - primarily serous

than mucin

40
Q

Sublingual gland classification

A

Compound tubuloacinar

Intralobular ducts are less developed than those of other salivary glands

41
Q

Sublingual duct secretion

A

Mixed secretions - primarily mucus

Serous cells almost exclusively exist as serous demilunes

42
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

autoimmune disease
Have dry eyes and dry mouth - decreased lacrimal and salivary gland secretions (become fibrotic and inflitrated with T cells)
Antibodies to ribonucleoproteins SS-A and SS-B
Occurs in women 50-60
Difficulty swallowing, speaking, and tasting
Enlarged Parotid gland and lymph nodes

43
Q

Pancreas classification

A

Compound acinar

Similar to parotid gland but has islets of Langerhans, centroacinar cells, and absence of striated ducts

44
Q

Pancreas ducts

A

Intercalated ducts - centroacinar cells represent intra-acinar segment
Larger intralobular ducts
Interlobular ducts
Duct cells secrete bicarbonate

45
Q

Unicellular

A

Goblet cell

46
Q

Multicellular sheet

A

Luminal surface of stomach

47
Q

Simple acinar

A

Paraurethral glands

48
Q

Simple branched acinar

A

Sebaceous gland

49
Q

Simple tubular

A

Intestinal glands

50
Q

Simple coiled tubular

A

Sweat glands

51
Q

Simple branched tubular

A

Glands of stomach

Duodenal glands

52
Q

Compound acinar

A

Pancreas

Parotid

53
Q

Compound tubular

A

Bulbourethral glands

54
Q

Compound tubuloacinar

A

Submandibular

Sublingual

Cell Biology (20 decks)

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