Exam 3: Exocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine and exocrine glands are derived from

A

epithelial tissue

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2
Q

Endocrine glands synthesize and release

A

hormones that are transported in the blood to target cells or released into extracellular fluid

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3
Q

Exocrine glands secretions are transported in

A

epithelial-lined excretory ducts; secretions may be modified as they flow through duct system

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4
Q

Exocrine glands are classified based on

A

type of secretion, mode of secretion, and cell numbers

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5
Q

Exocrine gland classification based on type of secretion

A

Mucous glands, Serous glands, Mixed glands, Sebaceous glands

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6
Q

Mucous glands (exocrine) secrete

A

mucinogens, large glycosylated proteins
PAS positive
Mucus can form plugs, like in the airway

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7
Q

Mucin

A

thick protective fluid fromed when mucinogens are hydrated

Component of mucus

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8
Q

Examples of Mucous glands

A

goblet cells and mucous cells of stomach

Have light staining cytoplasm, flat nuclei pushed toward basal region of cell

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9
Q

Serous glands (exocrine) secrete

A

Serous fluid - watery, enriched with enxymes

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10
Q

Examples of serous glands

A

parotid gland and exocrine pancreas

Basophilic, round nucleus

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11
Q

Mixed glands (exocrine) secrete

A

serous and mucous

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12
Q

Examples of mixed glands

A

submandibular and sublingual glands

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13
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete

A

sebum - waxy, oily
found in skin
Clear cytoplasm, but centrally located and spherical nucleus

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14
Q

Classifications based on modes of exocrine gland secretion

A

Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

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15
Q

Merocrine

A

Most common mode of secretion
Secretion occurs via exocytosis
There is no loss of plasmella or cytoplasm

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16
Q

Apocrine

A

Secretory product is released along with apical cytoplasm and plasmalemma, pinches off

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17
Q

Example of Apocrine secretion

A

Lipids from lactating mammary glands

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18
Q

Holocrine

A

Entire cell and its secretory product are released during secretion

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19
Q

Example of Holocrine secretion

A

sebaceous gland vesicles

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20
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

hair shaft penetrates Inflammatory state on cheek - because of sebaceous cells
hair follicle, elictating inflammatory and fibrotic responses
Inflammatory cells, giant cells, and fibrosis can be observed in skin with acne

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21
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands

A

individual secretory cells found in the epithelium
Basal domain has nucleus and organelles (width very narrow)
Apical domain has secretory product

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22
Q

Examples of unicellular exocrine glands

A

goblet cells in GI tube and respiratory airways

23
Q

Multicellular exocrine glands

A

may be organized into secretory sheets (lining of stomach) or secretory tubules with no ducts; may also organize into secretory units and ducts

24
Q

Acinus (alveolus) duct

A

terminal secretory portion is divided by partitions into sacs
Resemble a berry

25
Tubular duct
Terminal secretory portion is shaped as a tube | Can be coiled or branched (secretory units are branched but with single or no excretory duct)
26
Simple duct
single, unbranched excretory duct conveys the secretory product from secretory unit to epithelial surface
27
Compound duct
branching ducts converge to form a single duct that opens onto the epithelial surface
28
Septa from capsule
extend into gland to divide it into lobes and lobules
29
Intralobular ducts
found within the lobule of the exocrine gland
30
Interlobular ducts
found in the connective septa that separates lobules
31
Intercalated duct
Type of intralobular duct Smaller of two Lined by flattened cuboidal cells
32
Striated duct
Type of intralobular duct Large of two Mitochondria in basal area & nucleus pushed to apical domain
33
Myoepithelial cells (basket cells)
Contractile cells derived from epithelium that surrounds the secretory units of many multicellular glands and small ducts Contains actin and myosin and cytokeratin Connect to epithelial cells by desmosomes and gap junctions
34
Contraction of myoepithelial cells
expresses secretion from the gland
35
Compound glands
Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual, Pancreas
36
Parotid gland classification
``` Compound acinar Contains Intralobular (intercalated and striated) and Interlobular ducts ```
37
Parotid gland secretion
only serous
38
Submandibular gland classification
Compound tubuloacinar | Contains intralobular ducts & interlobular ducts - intercalated ducts are short and striated ducts are prominent
39
Submandibular gland secretes
Mixed secretions - primarily serous | than mucin
40
Sublingual gland classification
Compound tubuloacinar | Intralobular ducts are less developed than those of other salivary glands
41
Sublingual duct secretion
Mixed secretions - primarily mucus | Serous cells almost exclusively exist as serous demilunes
42
Sjogren syndrome
autoimmune disease Have dry eyes and dry mouth - decreased lacrimal and salivary gland secretions (become fibrotic and inflitrated with T cells) Antibodies to ribonucleoproteins SS-A and SS-B Occurs in women 50-60 Difficulty swallowing, speaking, and tasting Enlarged Parotid gland and lymph nodes
43
Pancreas classification
Compound acinar | Similar to parotid gland but has islets of Langerhans, centroacinar cells, and absence of striated ducts
44
Pancreas ducts
Intercalated ducts - centroacinar cells represent intra-acinar segment Larger intralobular ducts Interlobular ducts Duct cells secrete bicarbonate
45
Unicellular
Goblet cell
46
Multicellular sheet
Luminal surface of stomach
47
Simple acinar
Paraurethral glands
48
Simple branched acinar
Sebaceous gland
49
Simple tubular
Intestinal glands
50
Simple coiled tubular
Sweat glands
51
Simple branched tubular
Glands of stomach | Duodenal glands
52
Compound acinar
Pancreas | Parotid
53
Compound tubular
Bulbourethral glands
54
Compound tubuloacinar
Submandibular | Sublingual