Exam 3: Exocrine Glands

Question 1

Endocrine and exocrine glands are derived from

Answer 1

epithelial tissue

Question 2

Endocrine glands synthesize and release

Answer 2

hormones that are transported in the blood to target cells or released into extracellular fluid

Question 3

Exocrine glands secretions are transported in

Answer 3

epithelial-lined excretory ducts; secretions may be modified as they flow through duct system

Question 4

Exocrine glands are classified based on

Answer 4

type of secretion, mode of secretion, and cell numbers

Question 5

Exocrine gland classification based on type of secretion

Answer 5

Mucous glands, Serous glands, Mixed glands, Sebaceous glands

Question 6

Mucous glands (exocrine) secrete

Answer 6

mucinogens, large glycosylated proteins
PAS positive
Mucus can form plugs, like in the airway

Question 7

Mucin

Answer 7

thick protective fluid fromed when mucinogens are hydrated

Component of mucus

Question 8

Examples of Mucous glands

Answer 8

goblet cells and mucous cells of stomach

Have light staining cytoplasm, flat nuclei pushed toward basal region of cell

Question 9

Serous glands (exocrine) secrete

Answer 9

Serous fluid - watery, enriched with enxymes

Question 10

Examples of serous glands

Answer 10

parotid gland and exocrine pancreas

Basophilic, round nucleus

Question 11

Mixed glands (exocrine) secrete

Answer 11

serous and mucous

Question 12

Examples of mixed glands

Answer 12

submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 13

Sebaceous glands secrete

Answer 13

sebum - waxy, oily
found in skin
Clear cytoplasm, but centrally located and spherical nucleus

Question 14

Classifications based on modes of exocrine gland secretion

Answer 14

Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

Question 15

Merocrine

Answer 15

Most common mode of secretion
Secretion occurs via exocytosis
There is no loss of plasmella or cytoplasm

Question 16

Apocrine

Answer 16

Secretory product is released along with apical cytoplasm and plasmalemma, pinches off

Question 17

Example of Apocrine secretion

Answer 17

Lipids from lactating mammary glands

Question 18

Holocrine

Answer 18

Entire cell and its secretory product are released during secretion

Question 19

Example of Holocrine secretion

Answer 19

sebaceous gland vesicles

Question 20

Acne vulgaris

Answer 20

hair shaft penetrates Inflammatory state on cheek - because of sebaceous cells
hair follicle, elictating inflammatory and fibrotic responses
Inflammatory cells, giant cells, and fibrosis can be observed in skin with acne

Question 21

Unicellular exocrine glands

Answer 21

individual secretory cells found in the epithelium
Basal domain has nucleus and organelles (width very narrow)
Apical domain has secretory product

Question 22

Examples of unicellular exocrine glands

Answer 22

goblet cells in GI tube and respiratory airways

Question 23

Multicellular exocrine glands

Answer 23

may be organized into secretory sheets (lining of stomach) or secretory tubules with no ducts; may also organize into secretory units and ducts

Question 24

Acinus (alveolus) duct

Answer 24

terminal secretory portion is divided by partitions into sacs
Resemble a berry

Question 25

Tubular duct

Answer 25

Terminal secretory portion is shaped as a tube | Can be coiled or branched (secretory units are branched but with single or no excretory duct)

Question 26

Simple duct

Answer 26

single, unbranched excretory duct conveys the secretory product from secretory unit to epithelial surface

Question 27

Compound duct

Answer 27

branching ducts converge to form a single duct that opens onto the epithelial surface

Question 28

Septa from capsule

Answer 28

extend into gland to divide it into lobes and lobules

Question 29

Intralobular ducts

Answer 29

found within the lobule of the exocrine gland

Question 30

Interlobular ducts

Answer 30

found in the connective septa that separates lobules

Question 31

Intercalated duct

Answer 31

Type of intralobular duct Smaller of two Lined by flattened cuboidal cells

Question 32

Striated duct

Answer 32

Type of intralobular duct Large of two Mitochondria in basal area & nucleus pushed to apical domain

Question 33

Myoepithelial cells (basket cells)

Answer 33

Contractile cells derived from epithelium that surrounds the secretory units of many multicellular glands and small ducts Contains actin and myosin and cytokeratin Connect to epithelial cells by desmosomes and gap junctions

Question 34

Contraction of myoepithelial cells

Answer 34

expresses secretion from the gland

Question 35

Compound glands

Answer 35

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual, Pancreas

Question 36

Parotid gland classification

Answer 36

``` Compound acinar Contains Intralobular (intercalated and striated) and Interlobular ducts ```

Question 37

Parotid gland secretion

Answer 37

only serous

Question 38

Submandibular gland classification

Answer 38

Compound tubuloacinar | Contains intralobular ducts & interlobular ducts - intercalated ducts are short and striated ducts are prominent

Question 39

Submandibular gland secretes

Answer 39

Mixed secretions - primarily serous | than mucin

Question 40

Sublingual gland classification

Answer 40

Compound tubuloacinar | Intralobular ducts are less developed than those of other salivary glands

Question 41

Sublingual duct secretion

Answer 41

Mixed secretions - primarily mucus | Serous cells almost exclusively exist as serous demilunes

Question 42

Sjogren syndrome

Answer 42

autoimmune disease Have dry eyes and dry mouth - decreased lacrimal and salivary gland secretions (become fibrotic and inflitrated with T cells) Antibodies to ribonucleoproteins SS-A and SS-B Occurs in women 50-60 Difficulty swallowing, speaking, and tasting Enlarged Parotid gland and lymph nodes

Question 43

Pancreas classification

Answer 43

Compound acinar | Similar to parotid gland but has islets of Langerhans, centroacinar cells, and absence of striated ducts

Question 44

Pancreas ducts

Answer 44

Intercalated ducts - centroacinar cells represent intra-acinar segment Larger intralobular ducts Interlobular ducts Duct cells secrete bicarbonate

Question 45

Unicellular

Answer 45

Goblet cell

Question 46

Multicellular sheet

Answer 46

Luminal surface of stomach

Question 47

Simple acinar

Answer 47

Paraurethral glands

Question 48

Simple branched acinar

Answer 48

Sebaceous gland

Question 49

Simple tubular

Answer 49

Intestinal glands

Question 50

Simple coiled tubular

Answer 50

Sweat glands

Question 51

Simple branched tubular

Answer 51

Glands of stomach | Duodenal glands

Question 52

Compound acinar

Answer 52

Pancreas | Parotid

Question 53

Compound tubular

Answer 53

Bulbourethral glands

Question 54

Compound tubuloacinar

Answer 54

Submandibular | Sublingual