Exam 4: Renal

Question 1

Cortex

Answer 1

outer layer

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

inner layer (renal pyramids)

Question 3

Cortex is made of alternating portions of

Answer 3

cortical labyrinth and medullary rays

Question 4

Cortical Labyrinth contains

Answer 4

Renal corpuscles, convoluted tubules (proximal and distal) and collecting tubules

Question 5

Medullary rays contain

Answer 5

Straight tubules and collecting ducts

Question 6

Kidney lobe consists of

Answer 6

pyramid, overlying cortical arch and 1/2 of renal column of bertin on either side of the pyramid

Question 7

Kidney lobule consists of

Answer 7

connecting duct and all nephrons that empty into it

Question 8

Nephron

Answer 8

basic structural and functional unit of kidney

Question 9

Renal corpuscle

Answer 9

vascular pole - afferent arteriole & efferent arteriole blood passes into capillaries and exchange fluid with Bowman’s space
Urinary pole - proximal end of convoluted tubule, fluid leaves corpuscle

Question 10

Podocyte

Answer 10

Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

Each primary process gives rise to many secondary processes - between processes are diaphragms

Question 11

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

microvilli extend into lumen
Sits on basement membrane
Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 12

Thin limb of loop of Henle

Answer 12

lined by simple squamous epithelium

Question 13

Distal convoluted tubules

Answer 13

have clear lumen, smaller cuboidal cells
no microvilli
less pink cytoplasm, smaller nucleus

Question 14

Macula Densa

Answer 14

chemoreceptors
modified segment of distal tubule
promotes renin secretion by JG cells

Question 15

Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 15

modified smooth muscle cells in tunica media of Afferent arteriole (baroreceptors)
contains granules with renin

Question 16

Renin is secreted in response to

Answer 16

fall in blood pressure; cause water from kidney tubules to be absorbed back into body and returns blood pressure to normal

Question 17

Renin converts angiotensinogen into

Answer 17

Angiotensin - 1, which is converted by ACE into angiotensin - II

Question 18

Angiotensin - II

Answer 18

constricts arterioles and stimulates secretion of aldosterone by suprarenal cortex

Question 19

Aldosterone stimulates

Answer 19

macula densa to increase absorption of Na and Cl and excretion of K, increase fluid volume in body and increase in blood pressure

Question 20

What part of ureter has 3 muscle layers?

Answer 20

lower 1/3