Exam 4: Renal Flashcards
Cortex
outer layer
Medulla
inner layer (renal pyramids)
Cortex is made of alternating portions of
cortical labyrinth and medullary rays
Cortical Labyrinth contains
Renal corpuscles, convoluted tubules (proximal and distal) and collecting tubules
Medullary rays contain
Straight tubules and collecting ducts
Kidney lobe consists of
pyramid, overlying cortical arch and 1/2 of renal column of bertin on either side of the pyramid
Kidney lobule consists of
connecting duct and all nephrons that empty into it
Nephron
basic structural and functional unit of kidney
Renal corpuscle
vascular pole - afferent arteriole & efferent arteriole blood passes into capillaries and exchange fluid with Bowman’s space
Urinary pole - proximal end of convoluted tubule, fluid leaves corpuscle
Podocyte
Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
Each primary process gives rise to many secondary processes - between processes are diaphragms
Proximal convoluted tubule
microvilli extend into lumen
Sits on basement membrane
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Thin limb of loop of Henle
lined by simple squamous epithelium
Distal convoluted tubules
have clear lumen, smaller cuboidal cells
no microvilli
less pink cytoplasm, smaller nucleus
Macula Densa
chemoreceptors
modified segment of distal tubule
promotes renin secretion by JG cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
modified smooth muscle cells in tunica media of Afferent arteriole (baroreceptors)
contains granules with renin
Renin is secreted in response to
fall in blood pressure; cause water from kidney tubules to be absorbed back into body and returns blood pressure to normal
Renin converts angiotensinogen into
Angiotensin - 1, which is converted by ACE into angiotensin - II
Angiotensin - II
constricts arterioles and stimulates secretion of aldosterone by suprarenal cortex
Aldosterone stimulates
macula densa to increase absorption of Na and Cl and excretion of K, increase fluid volume in body and increase in blood pressure
What part of ureter has 3 muscle layers?
lower 1/3
