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Cell Biology > Exam 2: Cartilage > Flashcards

Exam 2: Cartilage Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cartilage-forming cells are

A

chondroblasts

produce molecules of extracellular matrix and fibers embedded in matrix

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2
Q

Chondrocytes

A

chondroblasts that have become trapped in matrix they produced

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3
Q

Most common type of cartilage is

A

hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

Hyaline cartilage appears

A

glassy, whitish-blue

fine collagen fibrils are invisible with routine staining

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5
Q

Hyaline cartilage is located

A

in places where it maintains a lumen/open space (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi)
At articular surfaces of bones (ribs with sternum as well as moveable joints)
At epiphyseal growth plates

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6
Q

Lacunae

A

bubbles within extracellular matrix that chondrocytes are trapped in

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7
Q

Isogenous groups

A

2-4 chondrocytes

come from same chondrocyte that has divided

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8
Q

Fibroblasts

A

cells that form fibers, derived from mesenchymal cells

form dense collagenous CT (fibrous outer layer of perichondrium)

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9
Q

Perichondrium

A

CT capsule that covers only hyaline and elastic cartilage

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10
Q

Layers of perichondrium

A

outer fibrous layer, inner cellular layer

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11
Q

Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium

A

dense collagenous connective tissues
type I collagen, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and nerves
Protective and supportive

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12
Q

Inner cellular layer of perichondrium

A

chondrogenic cells that differentiate into chondroblasts & form ECM
Cartilage grows on surface of existing cartilage - appositional growth
Allows for cartilage growth

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13
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Cartilage is added to the inside of tissue
Occurs only during early stages of cartilage formation, in articular cartilage, in epiphyseal plates (for lengthening of bone), and deep within cartilage

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14
Q

Appositional growth

A

Cartilage is added to outer surface of cartilage

Occurs in most cartilage, & throughout cartilage lifespan

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15
Q

What cartilage does not have perichondrium

A

Articular cartilage

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16
Q

Articular cartilage growth

A

Only interstitial growth - no appositional growth, because does not have perichondrium

17
Q

Chondrogenic cells

A

arise from mesenchymal cells

Can differentiate into chondroblasts and osteoprogenitor cells

18
Q

Chondroblasts

A

differentiate from mesenchymal cells and chondrogenic cells
Basophilic
form matrix and fibers of cartilage

19
Q

Chondrocytes

A

have large nucleus, nucleolus, rER, GA, and glycogen in cytoplasm
Can go back to being chondroblasts
Trapped in lacuna within matrix - synthesize necessary molecules to maintain matrix

20
Q

Hyaline cartilage contains mostly

A

type II collagen

21
Q

Hyaluronan molecules

A

has many proteoglycan monomers attached to it

interwoven in network of collagen fibrils to give cartilage its resilience

22
Q

How much of hyaline cartilage wet weight is water bound by proteoglycans

A

60-80%

23
Q

Capsular (pericellular) matrix (hyaline cartilage)

A

intensely stained thin layer of matrix immediately around lacuna
highest concentration of sulfated proteoglycans
contains thin collagen fibers woven around each chondrocyte

24
Q

Territorial matrix (hyaline cartilage)

A

lighter staining matrix surrounds isogenous group

lower concentration of sulfated proteoglycans than capsular matrix

25
Q

interterritorial matrix (hyaline cartilage)

A

majority of matrix

fills space around territorial matrix

26
Q

fibronectin

A

adhesive glycoprotein, assists chondroblasts and chondrocytes to adhere to ECM

27
Q

What type of cartilage tends to calcify with age

A

Hyaline cartilage

28
Q

Elastic cartilage contains

A

type II collagen and elastic fibers

29
Q

Elastic cartilage is located in

A

pinna of ear, internal and external auditory tubes, epiglottis, and larynx

30
Q

Fibrocartilage contains

A

type I collagen (acidophilic)

lacks a perichondrium

31
Q

Fibrocartilage is located

A

where tough support and tensile strength is needed

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular discs, menisci of knee joint, attached to bone

32
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

breakdown of hyaline cartilage at joints

most prevalent in older individuals

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