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Infectious Agents > Exam 3: Yersinia > Flashcards

Exam 3: Yersinia Flashcards

1
Q

What does Yersinia pestis cause?

A

Plague

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2
Q

What is Yersinia pestis endemic in?

A

Voles and deer mice, which usually do no have serious disease

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3
Q

What animals are not susceptible to Yersinia pestis?

A

Cattle
Horses
Swine
Sheep

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4
Q

How can wild and domestic cats acquire Yersinia pestis infection?

A

By ingesting infected rodents

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5
Q

What is the most common disease in cats due to Yersinia pestis?

A

Bubonic plague

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6
Q

What is a clinical sign of disease in cats casued by Yersinia pestis?

A

Lymphadenitis

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7
Q

What is often the result of disease in cats from Yersinia pestis?

A

Death

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8
Q

What should be done with suspected cases of Yersinia pestis in cats?

A

They should be placed in isolation and reported to CDC

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9
Q

What human diseases can occur with Yersinia pestis?

A

Bubonic plague (most common)
Pneumonic plague
Septicemic plague

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10
Q

Describe pneumonic plague

A

Thee most serious form of disease and is the only form of plague that can be spread from person to person

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11
Q

What can septicemic plague result from?

A

As a progression from either bubonic or pneumonic plague

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12
Q

What is the transmission of Yersinia pestis?

A

Infected flea bites (sylvatic plague), which usually result in bubonic plague
From infected cats through scratches or bites
Pneumonic plague shed Y. pestis through sputum or respiratory droplets and can directly spread this form from human to human

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13
Q

What is flea transmission of Y. pestis spread through?

A

Infected oriental rat fleas, which feed primarily on rats and other rodents

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14
Q

Do cat and dog fleas transmit Y. pestis efficiently?

A

No

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Y. pestis?

A

Phagosome-lysosome fusion occurs, but Y. pestis is able to survive

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16
Q

What triggers the apoptosis of macrophage with Y. pestis?

A

Released Yops

17
Q

How is apoptosis induced with Y. pestis?

A

Type 3 secretion system injects Yops directly into phagocytes to inhibit phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine release, and apoptosis is induced

18
Q

What is Y. pseudotuberculosis?

A

An enteropathogen of wild and domestic animals

19
Q

How is Y. pseudotuberculosis transmitted?

A

By the fecal-oral route

20
Q

What is the acute form of Y. pseudotuberculosis characterized by?

A

Bloody, mucous diarrhea with death within 24-48 hours

21
Q

What is the chronic form of Y. pseudotuberculosis characterized by?

A

Caseous abscesses form in intestinal wall, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen

22
Q

What are important reservoirs of Y. pseudotuberculosis?

A

Gregarious wild birds (such as blackbirds, grackles, and starlings) and rats

23
Q

What domestic mammal is the most commonly infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis?

A

Cats, especially the adult rural outdoor cat

24
Q

What is different about Y. pseudotuberculosis compared to Y. pestis?

A

Disease is usually limited to gastroenteritis

25
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Y. pseudotuberculosis

A

It has 3 adhesins that adhere to luminal surface of M cells and basolateral surfaces or ileal enterocytes: Ail, Inv, and Yad
It passes through M cells and then the pathogenesisi is very similar to Y. pestis

26
Q

Describe the association of Y. pseudotuberculosis and macrophages

A

It is a facultative intracellular parasite of macrophages

27
Q

What is diarrhea the result of with Y. pseudotuberculosis?

A

Prostaglandin synthesis from recruited neutrophils

28
Q

How is Y. pseudotuberculosis diagnosed?

A

Culture from feces or lymph node aspirates

Can be benefited by cold enrichment at 4 degrees C for several weeks

29
Q

What is an important carrier of Y. enterocolitica?

A

Swine

30
Q

What is one of the major sources of human infection with Y. enterocolitica serobiotyoe O?

A

Through the handling of swine and consumption of pork

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of Y. enterocolitica?

A

Gastroenteritis (bloody diarrhea), ileitis, and mesenteric adenitis in people and animals
Pseudoappendicitis in people

32
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Y. enterocolitica?

A

Invasion through M cells

Intracellular pathogen in macrophages, then it becomes extracelluilar

33
Q

What is Y. ruckeri?

A

Enteric red-mouth disease of salmon and trout

34
Q

What is Y. ruckeri transmitted through?

A

Direct contact or through fomites

35
Q

What does Y. ruckeri cause?

A

Hemorrhagic septicemia

36
Q

What is a clinical sign of hemorrhagic septicemia?

A

Hemorrhages on body surface, characteristically around mouth

37
Q

What is the most susceptible animal to Y. ruckeri?

A

Rainbow trout

Infectious Agents (38 decks)

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