Exam 3: Yersinia

Question 1

What does Yersinia pestis cause?

Answer 1

Plague

Question 2

What is Yersinia pestis endemic in?

Answer 2

Voles and deer mice, which usually do no have serious disease

Question 3

What animals are not susceptible to Yersinia pestis?

Answer 3

Cattle
Horses
Swine
Sheep

Question 4

How can wild and domestic cats acquire Yersinia pestis infection?

Answer 4

By ingesting infected rodents

Question 5

What is the most common disease in cats due to Yersinia pestis?

Answer 5

Bubonic plague

Question 6

What is a clinical sign of disease in cats casued by Yersinia pestis?

Answer 6

Lymphadenitis

Question 7

What is often the result of disease in cats from Yersinia pestis?

Answer 7

Death

Question 8

What should be done with suspected cases of Yersinia pestis in cats?

Answer 8

They should be placed in isolation and reported to CDC

Question 9

What human diseases can occur with Yersinia pestis?

Answer 9

Bubonic plague (most common)
Pneumonic plague
Septicemic plague

Question 10

Describe pneumonic plague

Answer 10

Thee most serious form of disease and is the only form of plague that can be spread from person to person

Question 11

What can septicemic plague result from?

Answer 11

As a progression from either bubonic or pneumonic plague

Question 12

What is the transmission of Yersinia pestis?

Answer 12

Infected flea bites (sylvatic plague), which usually result in bubonic plague
From infected cats through scratches or bites
Pneumonic plague shed Y. pestis through sputum or respiratory droplets and can directly spread this form from human to human

Question 13

What is flea transmission of Y. pestis spread through?

Answer 13

Infected oriental rat fleas, which feed primarily on rats and other rodents

Question 14

Do cat and dog fleas transmit Y. pestis efficiently?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What is the pathogenesis of Y. pestis?

Answer 15

Phagosome-lysosome fusion occurs, but Y. pestis is able to survive

Question 16

What triggers the apoptosis of macrophage with Y. pestis?

Answer 16

Released Yops

Question 17

How is apoptosis induced with Y. pestis?

Answer 17

Type 3 secretion system injects Yops directly into phagocytes to inhibit phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine release, and apoptosis is induced

Question 18

What is Y. pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 18

An enteropathogen of wild and domestic animals

Question 19

How is Y. pseudotuberculosis transmitted?

Answer 19

By the fecal-oral route

Question 20

What is the acute form of Y. pseudotuberculosis characterized by?

Answer 20

Bloody, mucous diarrhea with death within 24-48 hours

Question 21

What is the chronic form of Y. pseudotuberculosis characterized by?

Answer 21

Caseous abscesses form in intestinal wall, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen

Question 22

What are important reservoirs of Y. pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 22

Gregarious wild birds (such as blackbirds, grackles, and starlings) and rats

Question 23

What domestic mammal is the most commonly infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 23

Cats, especially the adult rural outdoor cat

Question 24

What is different about Y. pseudotuberculosis compared to Y. pestis?

Answer 24

Disease is usually limited to gastroenteritis

Question 25

Describe the pathogenesis of Y. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 25

It has 3 adhesins that adhere to luminal surface of M cells and basolateral surfaces or ileal enterocytes: Ail, Inv, and Yad It passes through M cells and then the pathogenesisi is very similar to Y. pestis

Question 26

Describe the association of Y. pseudotuberculosis and macrophages

Answer 26

It is a facultative intracellular parasite of macrophages

Question 27

What is diarrhea the result of with Y. pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 27

Prostaglandin synthesis from recruited neutrophils

Question 28

How is Y. pseudotuberculosis diagnosed?

Answer 28

Culture from feces or lymph node aspirates | Can be benefited by cold enrichment at 4 degrees C for several weeks

Question 29

What is an important carrier of Y. enterocolitica?

Answer 29

Swine

Question 30

What is one of the major sources of human infection with Y. enterocolitica serobiotyoe O?

Answer 30

Through the handling of swine and consumption of pork

Question 31

What are the clinical signs of Y. enterocolitica?

Answer 31

Gastroenteritis (bloody diarrhea), ileitis, and mesenteric adenitis in people and animals Pseudoappendicitis in people

Question 32

What is the pathogenesis of Y. enterocolitica?

Answer 32

Invasion through M cells | Intracellular pathogen in macrophages, then it becomes extracelluilar

Question 33

What is Y. ruckeri?

Answer 33

Enteric red-mouth disease of salmon and trout

Question 34

What is Y. ruckeri transmitted through?

Answer 34

Direct contact or through fomites

Question 35

What does Y. ruckeri cause?

Answer 35

Hemorrhagic septicemia

Question 36

What is a clinical sign of hemorrhagic septicemia?

Answer 36

Hemorrhages on body surface, characteristically around mouth

Question 37

What is the most susceptible animal to Y. ruckeri?

Answer 37

Rainbow trout