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Infectious Agents > Exam 2: Gram Positive Rods > Flashcards

Exam 2: Gram Positive Rods Flashcards

1
Q

What is Erysiopelothrix an important cause of?

A

Erysipela in turkeys and swine

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2
Q

Describe Erysiopelothrix

A 
Non-motile
Non-spore forming
Non-acid-fast
Catalase negative
Produce H2S on TSI
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3
Q

What does Erysiopelothrix survive in?

A

Soil

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4
Q

What is a major source of Erysiopelothrix?

A

Carrier animals

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5
Q

What is Erysiopelothrix remarkably resistant to?

A

Chemicals

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6
Q

What are the 4 forms of diseases of Erysiopelothrix?

A

Acute septicemia
Urticarial cutaneous lesions, “Diamond skin” lesions
Vegetative endocarditis
Arthritis

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7
Q

In sheep, what do wound infections lead to with Erysiopelothrix?

A

Polyarthritis (“joint ill in lamb”)

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8
Q

Who can get occupation disease from Erysiopelothrix?

A

Butchers
Fish handlers
Veterinarians

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9
Q

What contributes to the predilection for certain tissues in subacute or chronic forms with Erysiopelothrix?

A

Fibrin accumulates in joints, heart valves, and arteries

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10
Q

What is the virulence factor of Erysiopelothrix?

A

The enzyme neuraminidase

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11
Q

What does neuraminidase do?

A

Removes N-Acetylneuraminic acid from many substrates and leads to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

What is the immunity involved with Erysiopelothrix?

A

Mainly humoral immunity

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13
Q

What vaccines are the best for Erysiopelothrix?

A

EVA (erysipelas vaccine avirulent) live vaccines

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14
Q

What is the drug of choice for treatment of Erysiopelothrix?

A

Penicillin

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15
Q

What can Rhodococcus equi cause?

A

Suppurative bronchopneumonia of foals 2 wks. to 5 mos., peaking at 4-6 weeks of age

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16
Q

How can Rhodococcus equi be acquired?

A

Inhalation of pathogenic R. equi in dust

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17
Q

What is Rhodococcus equi carried in?

A

The GI tract of gregarous birds

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18
Q

What diseases can occur with Rhodococcus equi?

A

Pneumonia followed by enteritis

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19
Q

What are probable virulence factors of Rhodococcus equi?

A

Cholesterol oxidase and phospholipase C

Vap A protein

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20
Q

What does Vap A protein do?

A

Interfere with phagolysosome formation

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21
Q

What animals are at risk of being infected by Rhodococcus equi?

A

Foals that produce little to no detectable γ interferon

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Rhodococcus equi

A

Use lipid soluble antibiotics that penetrate bacteria: erythromycin with rifampin

23
Q

What are the 3 species of Corynebacterium that opportunistic urinary tract commensals?

A

Corynebacterium pilosum
Corynebacterium renale
Corynebacterium cystitidis

24
Q

How is Corynebacterium renale spread?

A

By bull and urine

25
Q

What are the virulence factors of Corynebacterium renale?

A

PIli
Urease
Renalin

26
Q

What is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen

27
Q

What does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause?

A

Casrous lymphadenitis in sheep/goat
Ulcerative lymphangitis and folliculitis in horses
Chronic lymphadenitis and abscesses in a variety of hosts

28
Q

What are 3 diseases that are caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

Contagious acne
Canadian horsepox
Pigeon’s fever

29
Q

What is the virulence factor of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

Phospholipase D

30
Q

How can you control Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

Crude vaccine

31
Q

Describe Corynebacterium bovis

A

Commensal of bovine udder (20% of quarters)

Mild neutrophil response may protect against pathogens

32
Q

Describe Corynebacterium ulcerans

A

Mastitis in cows
MIld to severe pharyngitis in people
Causes caseous lymphadenitis in sheep/goats

33
Q

When is Listeria motile?

A

At room temperature but not at 37 degrees C

34
Q

What are the pathogenic forms of Listeria?

A

L. monocytogenes

L. ivanovii

35
Q

What is Listeria monocytogenes resistant to?

A

Freezing and high salt concentrations

36
Q

What may Listeria monocytogenes survive?

A

Pateurization

37
Q

What is the range of temperatures Listeria monocytogenes can grow under?

A

4-44 degrees C

38
Q

What are the natural reservoirs of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Soil and mammalian GI tracts

39
Q

How does animal-to-animal transmission of Listeria monocytogenes occur?

A

Via the fecal-oral route

40
Q

What kind of disease is listerosis?

A

Primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot

41
Q

What are the forms of disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Meningoencephalitis (most common in ruminants)

Septicemia (most common in monogastric animals)

42
Q

What is common with the septicemia form of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Abortion and stillbirth

43
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes in the alimentary tract?

A

Interaction between Internalin A and E-cadherin, Internalin B, and Met

44
Q

What is the internalization of Listeria monocytogenes into host cells mediated by?

A

InI A and InIB

45
Q

How does Listeria monocytogenes escape from phagosome?

A

Listeriolysin O and phospholipases

46
Q

What happens to actin with Listeria monocytogenes?

A

It is polymerized into filamentous actin by ActA

47
Q

What does encephalitis or meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes affect?

A

Sheep
Cattle
Goats
Occasionally pigs

48
Q

What is the most common type of listeriosis in monogastric animals?

A

Septicemic or visceral listerosis

49
Q

What is susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes in all domestic animals, especially cattle?

A

The uterus

50
Q

What is the immunity associated with Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Cell mediated

Infected animals develop both delay-type hypersensitivity and acquired CMI at the same time

51
Q

How is the diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes obtained?

A

Samples of lumbosacral CSF

52
Q

How is listerosis confirmed?

A

By the isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes
Cold enrichment for up to 12 weeks

53
Q

What is the treatment/control of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Antibiotics of little value for neurologic form

Tetracyclines

Infectious Agents (38 decks)

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