Exam 2: Gram Positive Rods Flashcards by Anika Eidson

What is Erysiopelothrix an important cause of?

Erysipela in turkeys and swine

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Describe Erysiopelothrix

Non-motile
Non-spore forming
Non-acid-fast
Catalase negative
Produce H2S on TSI

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What does Erysiopelothrix survive in?

Soil

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What is a major source of Erysiopelothrix?

Carrier animals

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What is Erysiopelothrix remarkably resistant to?

Chemicals

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What are the 4 forms of diseases of Erysiopelothrix?

Acute septicemia
Urticarial cutaneous lesions, “Diamond skin” lesions
Vegetative endocarditis
Arthritis

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In sheep, what do wound infections lead to with Erysiopelothrix?

Polyarthritis (“joint ill in lamb”)

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Who can get occupation disease from Erysiopelothrix?

Butchers
Fish handlers
Veterinarians

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What contributes to the predilection for certain tissues in subacute or chronic forms with Erysiopelothrix?

Fibrin accumulates in joints, heart valves, and arteries

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What is the virulence factor of Erysiopelothrix?

The enzyme neuraminidase

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What does neuraminidase do?

Removes N-Acetylneuraminic acid from many substrates and leads to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

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What is the immunity involved with Erysiopelothrix?

Mainly humoral immunity

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What vaccines are the best for Erysiopelothrix?

EVA (erysipelas vaccine avirulent) live vaccines

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What is the drug of choice for treatment of Erysiopelothrix?

Penicillin

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What can Rhodococcus equi cause?

Suppurative bronchopneumonia of foals 2 wks. to 5 mos., peaking at 4-6 weeks of age

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How can Rhodococcus equi be acquired?

Inhalation of pathogenic R. equi in dust

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What is Rhodococcus equi carried in?

The GI tract of gregarous birds

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What diseases can occur with Rhodococcus equi?

Pneumonia followed by enteritis

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What are probable virulence factors of Rhodococcus equi?

Cholesterol oxidase and phospholipase C

Vap A protein

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What does Vap A protein do?

Interfere with phagolysosome formation

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What animals are at risk of being infected by Rhodococcus equi?

Foals that produce little to no detectable γ interferon

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What is the treatment for Rhodococcus equi

Use lipid soluble antibiotics that penetrate bacteria: erythromycin with rifampin

What are the 3 species of Corynebacterium that opportunistic urinary tract commensals?

Corynebacterium pilosum
Corynebacterium renale
Corynebacterium cystitidis

How is Corynebacterium renale spread?

By bull and urine

What are the virulence factors of Corynebacterium renale?

PIli Urease Renalin

What is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Facultative intracellular pathogen

What does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause?

Casrous lymphadenitis in sheep/goat Ulcerative lymphangitis and folliculitis in horses Chronic lymphadenitis and abscesses in a variety of hosts

What are 3 diseases that are caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Contagious acne Canadian horsepox Pigeon's fever

What is the virulence factor of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Phospholipase D

How can you control Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Crude vaccine

Describe Corynebacterium bovis

Commensal of bovine udder (20% of quarters) | Mild neutrophil response may protect against pathogens

Describe Corynebacterium ulcerans

Mastitis in cows MIld to severe pharyngitis in people Causes caseous lymphadenitis in sheep/goats

When is Listeria motile?

At room temperature but not at 37 degrees C

What are the pathogenic forms of Listeria?

L. monocytogenes | L. ivanovii

What is Listeria monocytogenes resistant to?

Freezing and high salt concentrations

What may Listeria monocytogenes survive?

Pateurization

What is the range of temperatures Listeria monocytogenes can grow under?

4-44 degrees C

What are the natural reservoirs of Listeria monocytogenes?

Soil and mammalian GI tracts

How does animal-to-animal transmission of Listeria monocytogenes occur?

Via the fecal-oral route

What kind of disease is listerosis?

Primarily a winter-spring disease of feedlot

What are the forms of disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

Meningoencephalitis (most common in ruminants) | Septicemia (most common in monogastric animals)

What is common with the septicemia form of Listeria monocytogenes?

Abortion and stillbirth

What is the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes in the alimentary tract?

Interaction between Internalin A and E-cadherin, Internalin B, and Met

What is the internalization of Listeria monocytogenes into host cells mediated by?

InI A and InIB

How does Listeria monocytogenes escape from phagosome?

Listeriolysin O and phospholipases

What happens to actin with Listeria monocytogenes?

It is polymerized into filamentous actin by ActA

What does encephalitis or meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes affect?

Sheep Cattle Goats Occasionally pigs

What is the most common type of listeriosis in monogastric animals?

Septicemic or visceral listerosis

What is susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes in all domestic animals, especially cattle?

The uterus

What is the immunity associated with Listeria monocytogenes?

Cell mediated | Infected animals develop both delay-type hypersensitivity and acquired CMI at the same time

How is the diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes obtained?

Samples of lumbosacral CSF

How is listerosis confirmed?

By the isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes Cold enrichment for up to 12 weeks

What is the treatment/control of Listeria monocytogenes?

Antibiotics of little value for neurologic form | Tetracyclines