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Infectious Agents > Exam 2: Streptococcus > Flashcards

Exam 2: Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the result of streptococcus in a gram stain? Catalase test?

A

Positive

Negative

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2
Q

What does most streptococcus require to grow?

A

Blood or serum

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3
Q

When does streptococcus not grow?

A

When shed into the environment

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4
Q

What is used when streptococcus is classified by the Lancefield’s serological groups?

A

Cell wall antigens

Serological agglutination

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5
Q

What does antigenic specificity, used in Lancefield’s serological groups, reside in?

A

Polysaccharides attached to teichoic acid layer of cell wall, so called “C” substance (for carbohydrate)

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6
Q

What are the virulence factors for streptococcus?

A

Capsules: hyaluronic acid is non-immunogenic and non-antigenic, act as an adhesin and are antiphagocytic
M proteins, lipoteichoic acid, and other cell wall proteins with fimbriae cause adherence and are antiphagocitic

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7
Q

What group species is S. pyogenes?

A

Only group A species

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8
Q

What kind of pathogen is S. pyogenes?

A

Mostly human

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9
Q

What is the major virulence factor of S. pyogenes?

A

Over 60 different M proteins

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10
Q

Why are there no vaccines available for S. pyogenes?

A

Immunity is type-specific and there are so many M proteins that it is difficult to develop a vaccine

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11
Q

What group species is S. agalactiae?

A

Only group B species

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12
Q

What is used in late pregnancy?

A

Group B strep test

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13
Q

What species is related to CAMP factor?

A

S. agalactiae

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14
Q

What does CAMP factor cause?

A

Complete lysis of cow or sheep RBC in the presence of S. aureus beta hemolysin producing arrowhead appearance of enhanced hemolysis

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15
Q

What kind of pathogen is S. agalactiae?

A

Obligatory intramammary

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16
Q

Where does S. agalactiae live as an obligatory intramammary pathogen?

A

Milk duct

17
Q

What is S. agalactiae a common cause of?

A

Contagious bovine mastitis

18
Q

How is S. agalactiae spread?

A

Could not live outside of host, but easily spread by milking equipment or suckling calves

19
Q

What is S. agalactiae sensitive to?

A

Penicillin

20
Q

Where is S. dysgalactiae considered to be normal flora?

A

Mouth, vagina, and skin other than udder

21
Q

Where does S. dysgalactiae survive well?

A

In environment

22
Q

Can S. dysgalactiae be totally eliminated?

A

No

23
Q

What is the most common cause of mastitis?

A

S. dysgalactiae

24
Q

What is S. zooepidermicus subsp. zooepidermicus common normal flora in?

A

Many animals

Skin and upper respiratory track of horse

25
Q

What is S. zooepidermicus subsp. equi the etiological agent of?

A

Strangels, a regional or generalized suppurative lymphadenitis

26
Q

How is S. zooepidemicus subsp. equi differentiated from S. zooepidermicus subsp. zooepidermicus with morphology and biochemically?

A

Morphology: large mucoid colonies may run together, wide zone of clear hemolysis
Biochemically: S. equi does not ferment lactose or sorbitol

27
Q

What are the virulence factors for S. zooepidermicus subsp. zooepidermicus?

A

M protein and capsule

28
Q

What is a source of streptococcus?

A

Aerosol transmission

29
Q

What is the exposure of streptococcus?

A

Inhalation, ingestion, contact, insects

30
Q

What diseases can occur with or because of streptococcus?

A

Bastard strangles
Gutteral pouch empyema
Purpura hemorrhagica

31
Q

What kind of immunity is there for streptococcus?

A

Mainly humoral

32
Q

Is a vaccine available for strangles?

A

Yes

33
Q

What is the treatment for something caused by streptococcus?

A

Drain abscess
Antimicrobial therapy (controversial)
Procaine penicillin G is the antibiotic of choice

34
Q

Describe S. pneumoniae

A

Primates and humans only

No specific “C” substance or “M” protein

35
Q

What does S. iniae occur in?

A

Many species of fish as a systemic disease

36
Q

Where is S. mutans found?

A

Plaque and dental caries in humans

Infectious Agents (38 decks)

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