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Infectious Agents > Exam 2: Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Exam 2: Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Do the bacteria in the family Mollicutes have cell wall?

A

No

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2
Q

What is the mycoplasma cell morphology?

A

Pleomorphic: round, flask like, and filamentous forms
Plastic
Filterable (0.45 μm cell)

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3
Q

What is the first mycoplasma found in history? What animal species was the pathogen first found in? What was the impact of this on agricultural development?

A

M. mycoides subsp mycoide
Bovine
Its spread led to the establishment of the Bureau of Animal Industry of USDA in 1884

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4
Q

What is the “parasitically or commensally” living lifestyle of mycoplasmas?

A

Do not replicate in environment
Rely on ost for nutrients
Fastidious growth requirements

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5
Q

What is unique about mycoplasmas?

A

They are one of the smallest known self-replicating prokaryotes and living organisms

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6
Q

What is one of the earliest species which had full genomes sequenced?

A

M. genitalium

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7
Q

How big was the genome size of M. genitalium? How did this compare to other bacteria?

A

580 kb with 482 genes

It is the smallest organism

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8
Q

What is the minimal genome project?

A

By Hamilton Smith and Crag Venter
Ability to reduce genome size to the smallest possible
M. genitalium is a good example of this
M. laboratorium, 382 genes

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9
Q

What are the fastidious growth requirements of mycoplasmas?

A

Sterols are needed for growth
Can be cultured in embryonated eggs, cell-culture systems, rich medium
Aerobic, capnophilic, and microaerophilic

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10
Q

What do mycosplasma colonies look like?

A

Fried egg appearance

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11
Q

What are the most important bovine myscoplamsas?

A

M. mycoides subsp mycoide and M. bovis

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12
Q

What are the most important avian mycoplasmas?

A

M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae

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13
Q

What is the most important swine mycoplasma?

A

M. hyopneumoniae

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14
Q

How can you diagnose M. bovis?

A

Bacterial culture, serology, PCR

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15
Q

How can you diagnose M. hyopneumoniae?

A

Clinical observation, postmortem and histological examination
Culture is slow, difficult, and not routinely available
PCR is reliable

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16
Q

Are there any mycoplasma vaccines available?

A

Yes, there are some for M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. hyopneumoniae, and M. bovis

17
Q

What are the common infected tissues/organs?

A

Respiratory tract, urogenital tract, joints

18
Q

Which mycoplasmas cause mastitis in bovine?

A 
M. bovis
M. californicum
M. alkalescens
M. canadense
M. bovigentallium
19
Q

Which mycoplasmas cause respiratory diseases in chicken and turkey? Bovine? Swine?

A

M. gallisepticum
M. mycoides subsp mycoide and M. bovis
M. hyopneumonia

20
Q

Which mycoplasmas cause arthritis in avian? Swine? Bovine?

A

M. synoviae
M. hyosynoviae
M. bovis

21
Q

How are mycoplasmas transmitted?

A

Inhalation, man’s intervention (insemination), spread through egg, venereal disease

22
Q

How should M. bovis be controlled?

A

Stress reduction, good management, sanitation of milking equipment

23
Q

How should M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae be controlled?

A

Clean breeder flocks, monitoring, and removal of reactor flocks

24
Q

How should M. hyopneumoniae be controlled?

A

Environmental management, reduction of stress, periodic examination of lungs, serologic monitoring, vaccination

25
Q

How should M. bovis be treated?

A 
Tilmicosin
Tylosin
Tetracyclines
Lincomycin
Spectinomicin
Florfenicol
26
Q

How should M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae be treated?

A

Tylosin

27
Q

How should M. hyopneumoniae be treated?

A

Tylosin
Tiamulin
Chlortetracycline
Linomycin

28
Q

How do mycoplasmas cause disease?

A 
Entry into host
Reaching the target tissues
Motility
Adherence to host tissues
Invasion
Evasion of host defense
29
Q

How do mycoplasmas have entry into the host?

A

Inhalation
Man’s intervention (insemination)
Spread through egg
Venereal disease

30
Q

How do mycoplasmas reach the target tissues?

A

Epithelial surfaces

31
Q

What is the motility of mycoplasmas?

A

Gliding

32
Q

How do mycoplasmas hacve adherence to host tissues?

A

Adhesin and adhesin-like proteins

Some have a terminal structure, flask-like shape (MG)

33
Q

How do mycoplamas cause pathogenesis?

A

Colonization, competition for nutrients, toxic substances, avoidance of host immune attack, and modulation of host immune responses

34
Q

What does U. diversum do?

A

Infects bovine genitourinary tract leading to vulvitis, infertility, and abortion

Infectious Agents (38 decks)

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