Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology- Drover > Exam 3: Diseases of Urinary and Reproductive System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Diseases of Urinary and Reproductive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three bacterial diseases of the Urinary system we talked about?

A
  1. UTIs (Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections
  2. Leptospirosis
  3. Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

A
  • persistent urge to urinate
  • burning when urinating
  • freq. and small amount of urination
  • cloudy urine
  • bright pink or “cola colored” urine
  • strong-smelling urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What sex are UTIs MC in? Where is the referred pain for males and females?

A

MC in females

Females–> pelvic pain
Males–> rectal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two organisms should we know that cause UTIs? Which is MC?

A

Escherichia coli (80-85% cases)

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

(others:

  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Providencia stuartii
  • Morganella morganii
  • Serratia marcescens
  • Citrobacter sp.
  • Klebsiella sp.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mode of transmission for UTIs?

A

often self-inoculate fecal bacteria into urethra

urinary catheters common source of nosocomial inf.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the MC cause of NON-nosocomial UTI’s?

A

Escherichia coli (bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disease is rare in the U.S. and causes abrupt fever, myalgia, muscle stiffness, HA– and later meningitis, rash, kidney failure, and jaundice?

A

Leptospirosis

when severe = Weil’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organism causes Leptospirosis? What is the mode of transmission?

A

Leptospira interrogans (gram - bacteria)

transmitted by contact with urine of infected animal or urine-contaminated water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What disease causes a sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteineria, HTN, and in adults if not Tx could cause irreversible kidney damage?

A

Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organism causes Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis? How does one get this?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

complication post-strep infection

MC in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three (bacterial or fungal) Nonvenereal diseases of the reproductive system we talked about?

A
  1. Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)
  2. Bacterial Vaginosis
  3. Vaginal Yeast Infection

(nonvenereal = not sexually transmitted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What disease occurs via a sudden-onset fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, AND* extremely low BP, confusion, severe red rash, loss of sheets of skin, and if un-Tx leads to shock?

A

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organism causes Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)? How does one get this?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (gram + bacteria)

strains producing TSS toxin grow in wound or in an abraded vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who most commonly gets/ is more at risk of getting Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)?

A

associated with tampons– menstruating females more at risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What disease causes a white vaginal discharge with a “fishy” odor, vaginal itching/irritation, pain during intercourse, and burning during urination?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What organism causes Bacterial Vaginosis? How does one get it?

A

various anaerobic bacteria

ass. with multiple sexual partners and vaginal douching; but has NO evidence of sexual transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease causes severe vaginal itching and burning, pain, thick white, odor-free* vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance*?

A

Vaginal Yeast Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What organism causes a Vaginal Yeast Infection? How does one get this?

A

Candida albicans

normal microbiota–opportunistic inf; often secondary to antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an “aka” for Vaginal Yeast Infection?

A

aka fungal vaginitis/candidiasis

is an overgrowth from change in vaginal pH or microbiota changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome a medical emergency?

A

YESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What should we recommend to patients to help prevent them getting a Vaginal Yeast Infection?

A

take probiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are STI’s common worldwide? Who is most at risk?

A

yes

female adolescents are at higher risk (cervical lining is prone to bacterial inf.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What will the presence of lesions from STDs create a risk factor for?

A

transmission of HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an “aka” for Gonorrhea? What organism causes this? How does one get it?

A

aka clap

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

the “Gonococcus”

STD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What will cause acute inflammation in a male 2-5 days after infection and extremely painful urination and pus-filled discharge, called urethritis?

A

Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the symptoms in a female associated with Gonorrhea?

A

50-80% often asymptomatic

can trigger pelvic inflammatory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What organism causes Gonorrhea? How does one get it?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gram - bacteria)

STD–> and can be infected multiple times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What individuals is Gonorrhea more common in?

A

19x more common in African Americans

MC in females (but more asymptomatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What disease is usually asymptomatic in females, but in males causes painful urination and pus discharge from penis (non-gonococcal urethritis)*?

A

Chlamydia

30
Q

What organism causes Chlamydia? How does one get this?

A

Chalmydia trachomatis (gram - bacteria)

STD

31
Q

What is the most common REPORTABLE STD in the U.S.?

A

Chlamydia

32
Q

What will the infection of Chlamydia in adolescence increase the risk of?

A

cervical CA

33
Q

What causes chronic lymphatic infection, genital lesion, and bubo* in the groin?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

34
Q

What organism causes Lymphogranuloma venereum? How does one get it?

A

a different strain of Chlamydia trachomatis (so it doesn’t cause chlamydia)

STD

35
Q

What causes small, painless nodules, then when open, is fleshy, oozing lesions called “beefy red lesion”?

A

Granuloma inguinale

36
Q

What organism causes Granuloma inguinale? How does one get it?

A

Klebsiella granulomatis (gram - bacteria)

STD

37
Q

T/F. Granuloma inguinale is the same as lymphogranulomas venereum.

A

False– they are NOT the same

Granuloma inguinale–> “beefy-red lesion”

lymphogranulomas venereum–> bubo in groin

38
Q

What STD has 4 stages (3 of those being clinical)? What are they?

A

Syphilis

  1. Primary–> painless chancre
  2. Secondary–> widespread rash
  3. Latent–> 2/3 do not progress
  4. Tertiary –> dementia and gummas
39
Q

What organism causes Syphilis? What should we remember about this organism? How does one get it?

A

Treponema pallidum pallidum (gram - bacteria)
–> is a spirochete

STD; also mother to child (occurs worldwide)

40
Q

What will mother to child transmission of Syphilis result in?

A

congenital syphilis

41
Q

Can Syphilis be treated?

A

Penicillin G can be used to Tx it in Primary or Secondary stage; but once it reaches the tertiary stage it CANNOT be Tx

42
Q

Which stage of Syphilis is characterized by a widespread rash that has no pain or itching?

A

Stage 2: Secondary Stage

43
Q

What stage of Syphilis does it go Latent? How often does an ind. just stay in this stage?

A

Stage 3

about 2/3 stay here and 1/3 progress into stage 4: Tertiary

44
Q

What stage of Syphilis will cause painless, reddened chancre? When do these occur after infection?

A

Stage 1: primary

occurs at site of inf. ~ 10-21 days following exposure

45
Q

What stage of Syphilis can effect any organ/tissue and causes dementia and gummas?

A

Stage 4: Tertiary

~1/3 cases progress to this from the Latent stage

46
Q

What STD causes soft chancres that are painful?

A

Chancroid

47
Q

What are the symptoms in males and females in someone with Chancroid?

A

soft chancres that are painful

women are often asymptomatic

48
Q

What organism causes Chancroid? How does one get it?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi (gram - bacteria)

STD

(most cases in US are due to foreign travel)

49
Q

What should we remember about the difference between the chancre occurring in Syphilis and Chancroid?

A

Syphilis–> painless (more red, usually 1 or 2)

Chancroid–> painful (more white, usually a cluster)

50
Q

What are the 6 bacterial STDs we talked about?

A
  1. Gonorrhea
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Lymphogranuloma venereum
  4. Granuloma inguinale
  5. Syphilis
  6. Chancroid
51
Q

What are the three viral STD’s we talked about?

A
  1. Genital Herpes
  2. Genital Warts
  3. AIDS (–Kaposi’s Sarcoma)
52
Q

What causes blisters around or on the genitals or rectum? Where does it go latent?

A

Genital Herpes

sacral ganglia

53
Q

What organism causes Genital Herpes? How does one get it? What will it increase the risk of getting?

A

Human Herpes Virus (HHV-2)–sometimes HHV-1

4x risk of HIV infection

54
Q

What causes warts on the genitalia and surrounding areas? What large growths can it cause?

A

Genital warts

condylomata acuminata (“cauliflower-like” large growths)

55
Q

What organism causes Genital warts? How does one get them?

A

Human Papillomavirus (30 diff strains)

STD

56
Q

What is the MC STD in the US?

A

Genital Warts

does not need to be reported if someone has it

57
Q

What are Genital warts associated with increasing the risk of getting later on?

A

ass. with cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer

58
Q

How many cases per year is HPV in women ass. with cancer? What cancer is MC?

A

20,000+ HPV-ass. cancers

MC = cervical cancer

59
Q

How many cases per year in males is HPV ass. with cancer? What caner is the MC?

A

11,000+ HPV-ass. cancers

MC = oropharyngel cancer

60
Q

T/F. AIDS is a disease.

A

False– it is NOT a disease; it is a SYNDROME

61
Q

What organism causes AIDS?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

62
Q

How can one get AIDS?

A
  • found in blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions
  • breast milk
  • must be introduced into body via sexual activity, tear, or lesion in skin or mucous membranes or injected into body
63
Q

What is the most well known retrovirus?

A

HIV

64
Q

T/F. If someone is HIV positive that means they have AIDS.

A

False– it does not mean they have AIDS

65
Q

How is AIDS Dx?

A

ELISA/Western Blot tests

66
Q

What is the cancerous tumors of CT that is associated with AIDS and has a bluish-red or purple bumps with it?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

67
Q

How organism causes Kaposi’s Sarcoma? How does one get this?

A

Human Herpes Virus (HHV-8)
aka Rhadinovirus

opportunistic inf seen primarily in AIDS patients (rarely see in immunocompenent inds)

68
Q

What are some other infections that someone with AIDS may get due to being immunocompromised?

A
  1. Candidiasis
  2. PCP
  3. Shingles
  4. CMV
  5. Kaposi’s Sarcoma
  6. Disseminated herpes (all over)
  7. TB
  8. Toxoplasmosis
69
Q

What is the only protozoan STD we talked about?

A

Trichomoniasis

70
Q

What organism causes Trichomoniasis? How does one get it?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)

primarily via sexual activity

71
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?

A

females–> vaginal discharge that is “frothy green” and irritation

males–> typically asymptomatic

72
Q

What is the MC curable STD in women?

A

Trichomoniasis

Tx: single dose of oral metronidazole (an antibiotic used to protozoan inf)

Microbiology- Drover (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions