Exam 3: Diseases of Digestive System Flashcards
What is the main symptom for Peptic Ulcers? What organism causes them in 90% of cases?
abdominal pain
Helicobacter pylori (Gram - bacteria)
What is the mode of transmission for getting a Peptic Ulcer?
fecal-oral transmission
stress may worsen pain, but does NOT cause it
What are good indications that one has a Duodenal ulcer or a Gastric ulcer?
Duodenal ulcer–> relieved by food
Gastric ulcer–> exacerbated by food
What is Gastroenteritis?
inflammation of the stomach or intestines caused by bacteria (numerous diff kinds)
What is gastroenteritis associated with?
contaminated food or water and poor living conditions
How does gastroenteritis cause diarrhea?
Entero = large intestine
Enterotoxins are released–> activate adenylate cyclase–> causing diarrhea
What are the general symptoms of Gastroenteritis? (all have similar manifestations despite diff causative agents)
- Nausea and vomiting (N/V)
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- cramps
What are the 7 different types of bacterial Gastroenteritis we are talking about?
- Campylobacter Diarrhea
- E. coli gastroenteritis
- Salmonella food poisoning
- Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)–(also Salmonella inf.)
- Shigellosis
- Cholera
- Antimicrobial-ass. diarrhea/ Pseudomembranous colitis
What disease causes a bloody and frequent diarrhea for 10+/day for 7-10 days?
Campylobacter Diarrhea
What organism causes Campylobacter Diarrhea? What is the mode of transmission and the MC source of inf.?
Campylobacter jejuni (Gram - Bacteria)
- consuming contaminated food, milk, or water
- POULTRY is the MC source of inf.
What is the MC causative organism of bacterial gastroenteritis in the U.S.?
Campylobacter jejuni causing Campylobacter Diarrhea
What can one prevent getting Campylobacter jejuni?
- proper hygiene after handling raw poultry
- cook poultry properly to 165 degrees
What disease causes watery diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting, and is ass. with consuming under-cooked BEEF or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice?
E. coli gastroenteritis
What is the organism that causes E. coli gastroenteritis? What toxin can it produce? What is the MC strain in U.S.?
Escherichia coli (gram - bacteria)
produces Shiga-like toxin
MC strain in U.S.-> 0157:H7
What is the common cause of “Traveler’s Diarrhea”?
E. coli
What is the number one disease E. coli causes?
Gastroenteritis
but it is NOT the number one causitive organism of gastroentritis
What is the mode of transmission for E. coli gastroenteritis?
Fecal-oral, by consumption of undercooked BEEF or unpasturized milk/fruit juice contaminated with feces
Are antidiarrheal drugs a good way to help treat E. coli gastroenteritis?
What is a good prevention strategy of E. coli gastroenteritis?
no, it will prolong the symptoms
Handwashing
What two things can a Salmonella Infection cause (aka Salmonellosis)?
- Salmonella food poisoning (Acute bacterial gastroenteritis/Salmonellosis)
- Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)
What disease causes NON-bloody diarrhea, N/V, fever, myalgia, HA, abd. cramps and it due to consuming contaminated eggs?
Salmonella food poisoning (aka Acute Bacterial Gastroenteritis/ Salmonellosis)
What organisms cause Salmonella food poisoning?
Salmonella enterica serotypes:
- Enteritidis
- Typhimurium
(Gram - bacteria)
What is Salmonella food poisoning’s mode of transmission? How is it Tx?
consuming contaminated EGGS, poultry, inadequately pasuerized milk
Tx– just self-limiting
What organisms cause Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)?
Salmonella enterica serotypes:
- Typhi
- Paratyphi
(Gram - bacteria)
What is the mode of transmission for Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)?
contaminated food or water
Who is the famous carrier of Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)?
Typhoid Mary
What disease causes fever, HA, muscle pains, malaise, loss of appetite, abd. pain, bacteremia, and a “rose-colored rash”?
Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)
What can Typhoid Fever (enteric fever) lead to?
peritonitis (if it perforates intestinal wall)
What is an “aka” for Shigellosis?
“Bacillary dysentery”
this is a bacterial gastroenteritis
What disease causes abd. cramps, fever, diarrhea, and pus, blood, or mucus in stools? And can get from consuming cold foods and salads?
Shigellosis (aka “Bacillary dysentery”)
What organism causes Shigellosis (aka “Bacillary dysentery”) and give fraction of cases is causes in US? What diarrhea-toxin can it produce?
Species of Shigella:
- S. sonnei (2/3 US)
- S. flexneri (1/3 US)
(Gram - bacteria)
Shiga toxin
What is the mode of transmission for Shigellosis?
(aka Bacillary dysentery)
- Fecal-oral, by ingesting bacteria on contaminated hands
OR
- consuming contaminated foods (esp. COLD FOODs and SALADS)
What disease causes explosive watery diarrhea an vomiting and has a characteristic “rice-water stool”?
Cholera (type of bacterial gastroenteritis)
What organism causes Cholera? What toxin can it produce? What is unique about this species?
Vibrio cholerae (gram - bacteria)
cholera toxin
the ONLY Vibrio that can survive in freshwater–>therefore is the MC Vibrio to infect humans
(usually they survive in salt water)
What is the mode of transmission for Cholera?
Fecal-oral, through contaminated food and water
What causes diarrhea, inflammation of colon and formation of pseudo-membranes and any antimicrobial drug can trigger the disease? What can severe cases develop?
Antimicroial-Associated Diarrhea
severe cases can develop Pseudomembranous Colitis
(type of bacterial gastroenteritis)
What organism causes Antimicroial-Associated Diarrhea and in severe cases Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Clostridium difficile (Gram + bacteria) produces 2 toxins
What can Antimicrobial-associated Diarrhea lead to?
severe cases can develop Pseudomembranous Colitis
life-threatening peritonitis due to massive internal inf. by fecal bacteria
What is the mode of transmission for Antimicrobial-associated Diarrhea?
extremely common opportunistic inf. after taking antimicrobials
common nosocomial infection
What disease causes N/V, diarrhea, and cramping, and is the MC food intoxication?
Staphylococcal Food poisoning
organism–> Staphylococcus aureus (gram + bacteria)
What organism causes Staphylococcal Food poisoning? What is the mode of transmission?
Staphylococcus aureus (gram + bacteria)
contaminated food (SALTY FOODS)
What disease causes abd. cramps and watery diarrhea, but NO fever or N/V, and is from ingestion of contaminated meat?
Clostridial Food Poisoning
What organism causes Clostridial Food Poisoning? What is the mode of transmission? How long does it manifest?
Clostridium perfringens (gram + bacteria)
ingestion of contaminated meat
fairly benign– less than 24 hrs
What is the MC food intoxication?
Staph. aureus, causing Stapylococcal Food poisoning (is due to toxins from bacteria, not bacteria itself)
(recall: MC foodborne illness = Norovirus)
What disease causes inflammation of the intestinal tract, diarrhea and fever for weeks or months? And sometimes mimics appendicitis?
Yersinia Food Poisoning
What organism causes Yersinia Food Poisoning? What is the mode of transmission?
Yersinia enterocolitica (gram - bacteria)
consumption of contaminated PORK, milk, water, tofu
What age does Yerisnia Food poisoning like to infect? What are good preventing strategies?
likes to infect kids
Prevention:
- handwashing
- cook pork to 145 degrees
What disease is a mold food poisoning illness that is due to consumption of rice dishes cooked and held at warm temps for hours? What organism causes it?
Bacillus cereus food poisoning (aka “Fried Rice Syndrome”)
Bacillus cereus
What is an “aka” for Bacillus cereus food poisoning? How does one get it?
“Fried Rice Syndrome”
consumption of rice dishes cooked and held at warm temps for hours (Mexican and Chinese buffets)–> NOT from cereal
What disease causes painful enlargement of parotid salivary glands, called parotitis, and testicular swelling called orchitis?
Mumps
What may Mumps result in in males?
due to the orthcitis (swelling of testes) that can occur in males–> could result in sterility