Exam 2: Chemical Methods of Microbial Control

Question 1

What are the 10 Major categories of antimicrobial chemicals?

Answer 1

1. Phenol and Phenolics
2. Alcohols
3. Halogens
4. Oxidizing Agents
5. Surfactants
6. Heavy Metals
7. Aldehydes
8. Gaseous Agents
9. Enzymes
10. Antimicrobials

Question 2

What type of antimicrobial chemical is Lysol and Pine-sol an example of? What level of disinfectant is this?

Answer 2

Phenol and Phenolics

intermediate-to low-level

Question 3

What is an example of the antimicrobial chemical Alcohols?

Answer 3

Rubbing alcohol, ethanol

Question 4

T/F. Soap is more effective than alcohols in removing bacteria from hands.

Answer 4

False –alcohols are more effective

Question 5

What is an intermediate-level disinfectants and is bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal against enveloped viruses?

Answer 5

Alcohols

Question 6

What are examples of Halogens?

Answer 6

• chlorine
• bleach
• iodophores (betadine)

Question 7

What type of antimicrobial chemical is Betadine, an iodophor, an example of?

Answer 7

Halogens

Question 8

In a surgical setting, they use Betadine and degerm it, what does degerming entail?

Answer 8

scrubbing a surface

Question 9

What anitmicrobial chemical is Peroxide, such as Hyrdogen peroxide, an example of?

Answer 9

Oxidizing Agents

Question 10

What level of disinfectant and antiseptics are Oxidizing agents?

Answer 10

High-level

Question 11

What type of antimicrobial chemical are Peroxides, ozone, and peracetic acid examples of?

Answer 11

Oxidizing agents

Question 12

T/F. Hydrogen Peroxide should be used for wound care.

Answer 12

False– it is cytotoxic to healthy cells and granulating tissues

Question 13

What are four things Hydrogen peroxide (an oxidizing agent) be used for?

Answer 13

1. disinfecting inanimate objects
2. becoming a “peroxide blonde”
3. removing blood stains from clothing
4. combine with baking soda and vinegar for cleaning

Question 14

What should be used to clean out wounds?

Answer 14

1. Normal Saline

2. Commercial Wound Cleansers–> contain surfactants

Question 15

Why is saline good to use to clean out wounds?

Answer 15

it is physiologic and will ALWAYS be safe (human body = 0.9% NaCl and Saline is 0.9% NaCl)

will not clean well in dirty, necrotic wounds though

Question 16

Commercial wound cleaners contain surfactants, what does this help do?

Answer 16

help lift bacteria and cellular debris out of wounds

may help with dirty, necrotic wounds

Question 17

What type of antimicrobial chemical category are soaps and detergents in?

Answer 17

Surfactants

Question 18

Soaps are good _____ agents, but NOT ______.

Answer 18

degerming

antimicrobial (do not kill microbs)

Question 19

What makes antibacterial soap different than regular soap?

Answer 19

have had antimicrobial agents added to them

Question 20

What are low-level disinfectants that are synthetic, positively cahrged organic surfactants?

Answer 20

detergents

Question 21

What is ideal for disinfecting adjusting tables?*

Answer 21

Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds)

Question 22

What can be used to disinfect adjusting tables? But which is the PREFERRED one?

Answer 22

• phenol
• alcohol
• peroxide
• essential oils
• **QUAT (clorox wipes) = preferred

Question 23

What are the four steps for disinfecting an adjusting table that is highly soiled?

Answer 23

1. clean excess dirt first
2. wipe surface to be disinfected
3. use enough wipes for treated surface to remain visibly wet for 4 minutes
4. let surface air dry

Question 24

How long sound one let the surface remain wet for when disinfecting adjusting tables?

Answer 24

4 minutes

Question 25

What category of antimicrobial chemicals is a low-level bacteriostatic and fungistatic agent?

Answer 25

Heavy Metals

Question 26

What used to be used to prevent blindness of a baby caused by N. gonorrhoeae? What was it replaced by?

Answer 26

1% silver nitrate (a Heavy metal) replaced by less irritating antimicrobial ointments

Question 27

What vaccine preservative was replaced in 1999 because of the mercury it contained?

Answer 27

Thimerosal (still in flu vaccines though | :( )

Question 28

What Heavy metal can help control algae growth?

Answer 28

copper

Question 29

What are arsenic, zinc, mercury, silver, and copper all examples of?

Answer 29

Heavy metals

Question 30

What compounds contain a terminal -CHO group?

Answer 30

Aldehydes

Question 31

What are two examples of Aldehydes used for antimicrobial chemical control?

Answer 31

1. Glutaraldehyde | 2. Formalin (formaldehyde + water)

Question 32

What is Glutaraldehyde used for? What type of antimicrobial chemical is it?

Answer 32

disinfects and sterilizes, used in hospitals, labs, and dental offices Aldehyde

Question 33

What is Formalin used for? What type of antimicrobial chemical is it?

Answer 33

(formaldehyde + water) used in embalming and disinfection of rooms and instruments (in labs) Aldehyde

Question 34

What type of antimicrobial chemical is Ethylene oxide an example of?

Answer 34

Gaseous agents

Question 35

What is microbicidal and sporicidal and is used in closed chambers to sterlize them?

Answer 35

Gaseous agents - dental offices and hospitals use it

Question 36

What are the disadvantages to Gaseous agents?

Answer 36

can be hazardous to people, often highly explosive, extremely poisonous, potentially carcinogenic

Question 37

What is a new development that can remove prions on medical instruments?

Answer 37

"Prionzyme"-- in the Enzyme category for antimicrobial chemical control

Question 38

What antimicrobial chemical category is Lysozyme an example of? What is it used for?

Answer 38

Enzymes used to reduce the number of bacteria in cheese

Question 39

What are enzymes that act against microorganisms called?

Answer 39

Antimicrobial enzymes

Question 40

What category of antimicrobial chemical control are typically used for treatment of disease in the human body?

Answer 40

Antimicrobials

Question 41

What type of antimicrobial chemical are antibiotics, semi-synthetic, and synthetic chemicals examples of?

Answer 41

Antimicrobials

Question 42

What does the CDC recommend when it comes to soap?

Answer 42

using mild, regular soap and washing in warm running water for at least 10-15 seconds in most cases

Question 43

Why should antimicrobial soaps be reserved for limited applications?

Answer 43

overuse of them contributes to evolution of resistant microorganisms

Question 44

What are the limited applications that we should reserve antimicrobial soaps for?

Answer 44

- handling food - care of newborns - high-risk patients by health care workers

Question 45

What ingredient in many consumer products is being researched and is of concern that is may interfer with hormones?

Answer 45

Triclosan BADDDDDD

Question 46

What about resistance and cleaning tables?

Answer 46

differences b/w survivability of microorganisms on inanimate objects vs in/on humans - most pathogens are adapted to thrive in/on humans

Question 47

What is an alternative method for cleaning cloth tables as well as vinyl?

Answer 47

Steam cleaners--> work by heating up the water to high temperatures--> the intense heat of the steam can kill about 99% of bacteria, viruses, mold, and household dust mites

Question 48

What should we wear when cleaning with disinfectants?

Answer 48

gloves--> b/c even if cleaning inanimate objects, the cleaner we use touches our hands and can help lead to resistant microorganisms