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Microbiology- Drover > Exam 2: Chemical Methods of Microbial Control > Flashcards

Exam 2: Chemical Methods of Microbial Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 10 Major categories of antimicrobial chemicals?

A
  1. Phenol and Phenolics
  2. Alcohols
  3. Halogens
  4. Oxidizing Agents
  5. Surfactants
  6. Heavy Metals
  7. Aldehydes
  8. Gaseous Agents
  9. Enzymes
  10. Antimicrobials
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2
Q

What type of antimicrobial chemical is Lysol and Pine-sol an example of? What level of disinfectant is this?

A

Phenol and Phenolics

intermediate-to low-level

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3
Q

What is an example of the antimicrobial chemical Alcohols?

A

Rubbing alcohol, ethanol

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4
Q

T/F. Soap is more effective than alcohols in removing bacteria from hands.

A

False –alcohols are more effective

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5
Q

What is an intermediate-level disinfectants and is bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal against enveloped viruses?

A

Alcohols

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6
Q

What are examples of Halogens?

A
  • chlorine
  • bleach
  • iodophores (betadine)
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7
Q

What type of antimicrobial chemical is Betadine, an iodophor, an example of?

A

Halogens

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8
Q

In a surgical setting, they use Betadine and degerm it, what does degerming entail?

A

scrubbing a surface

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9
Q

What anitmicrobial chemical is Peroxide, such as Hyrdogen peroxide, an example of?

A

Oxidizing Agents

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10
Q

What level of disinfectant and antiseptics are Oxidizing agents?

A

High-level

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11
Q

What type of antimicrobial chemical are Peroxides, ozone, and peracetic acid examples of?

A

Oxidizing agents

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12
Q

T/F. Hydrogen Peroxide should be used for wound care.

A

False– it is cytotoxic to healthy cells and granulating tissues

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13
Q

What are four things Hydrogen peroxide (an oxidizing agent) be used for?

A
  1. disinfecting inanimate objects
  2. becoming a “peroxide blonde”
  3. removing blood stains from clothing
  4. combine with baking soda and vinegar for cleaning
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14
Q

What should be used to clean out wounds?

A
  1. Normal Saline

2. Commercial Wound Cleansers–> contain surfactants

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15
Q

Why is saline good to use to clean out wounds?

A

it is physiologic and will ALWAYS be safe (human body = 0.9% NaCl and Saline is 0.9% NaCl)

will not clean well in dirty, necrotic wounds though

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16
Q

Commercial wound cleaners contain surfactants, what does this help do?

A

help lift bacteria and cellular debris out of wounds

may help with dirty, necrotic wounds

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17
Q

What type of antimicrobial chemical category are soaps and detergents in?

A

Surfactants

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18
Q

Soaps are good _____ agents, but NOT ______.

A

degerming

antimicrobial (do not kill microbs)

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19
Q

What makes antibacterial soap different than regular soap?

A

have had antimicrobial agents added to them

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20
Q

What are low-level disinfectants that are synthetic, positively cahrged organic surfactants?

A

detergents

21
Q

What is ideal for disinfecting adjusting tables?*

A

Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds)

22
Q

What can be used to disinfect adjusting tables? But which is the PREFERRED one?

A
  • phenol
  • alcohol
  • peroxide
  • essential oils
  • **QUAT (clorox wipes) = preferred
23
Q

What are the four steps for disinfecting an adjusting table that is highly soiled?

A
  1. clean excess dirt first
  2. wipe surface to be disinfected
  3. use enough wipes for treated surface to remain visibly wet for 4 minutes
  4. let surface air dry
24
Q

How long sound one let the surface remain wet for when disinfecting adjusting tables?

A

4 minutes

25
Q

What category of antimicrobial chemicals is a low-level bacteriostatic and fungistatic agent?

A

Heavy Metals

26
Q

What used to be used to prevent blindness of a baby caused by N. gonorrhoeae? What was it replaced by?

A

1% silver nitrate (a Heavy metal)

replaced by less irritating antimicrobial ointments

27
Q

What vaccine preservative was replaced in 1999 because of the mercury it contained?

A

Thimerosal (still in flu vaccines though

:( )

28
Q

What Heavy metal can help control algae growth?

A

copper

29
Q

What are arsenic, zinc, mercury, silver, and copper all examples of?

A

Heavy metals

30
Q

What compounds contain a terminal -CHO group?

A

Aldehydes

31
Q

What are two examples of Aldehydes used for antimicrobial chemical control?

A
  1. Glutaraldehyde

2. Formalin (formaldehyde + water)

32
Q

What is Glutaraldehyde used for? What type of antimicrobial chemical is it?

A

disinfects and sterilizes, used in hospitals, labs, and dental offices

Aldehyde

33
Q

What is Formalin used for? What type of antimicrobial chemical is it?

A

(formaldehyde + water)
used in embalming and disinfection of rooms and instruments (in labs)

Aldehyde

34
Q

What type of antimicrobial chemical is Ethylene oxide an example of?

A

Gaseous agents

35
Q

What is microbicidal and sporicidal and is used in closed chambers to sterlize them?

A

Gaseous agents

  • dental offices and hospitals use it
36
Q

What are the disadvantages to Gaseous agents?

A

can be hazardous to people, often highly explosive, extremely poisonous, potentially carcinogenic

37
Q

What is a new development that can remove prions on medical instruments?

A

“Prionzyme”– in the Enzyme category for antimicrobial chemical control

38
Q

What antimicrobial chemical category is Lysozyme an example of? What is it used for?

A

Enzymes

used to reduce the number of bacteria in cheese

39
Q

What are enzymes that act against microorganisms called?

A

Antimicrobial enzymes

40
Q

What category of antimicrobial chemical control are typically used for treatment of disease in the human body?

A

Antimicrobials

41
Q

What type of antimicrobial chemical are antibiotics, semi-synthetic, and synthetic chemicals examples of?

A

Antimicrobials

42
Q

What does the CDC recommend when it comes to soap?

A

using mild, regular soap and washing in warm running water for at least 10-15 seconds in most cases

43
Q

Why should antimicrobial soaps be reserved for limited applications?

A

overuse of them contributes to evolution of resistant microorganisms

44
Q

What are the limited applications that we should reserve antimicrobial soaps for?

A
  • handling food
  • care of newborns
  • high-risk patients by health care workers
45
Q

What ingredient in many consumer products is being researched and is of concern that is may interfer with hormones?

A

Triclosan

BADDDDDD

46
Q

What about resistance and cleaning tables?

A

differences b/w survivability of microorganisms on inanimate objects vs in/on humans

  • most pathogens are adapted to thrive in/on humans
47
Q

What is an alternative method for cleaning cloth tables as well as vinyl?

A

Steam cleaners–> work by heating up the water to high temperatures–> the intense heat of the steam can kill about 99% of bacteria, viruses, mold, and household dust mites

48
Q

What should we wear when cleaning with disinfectants?

A

gloves–> b/c even if cleaning inanimate objects, the cleaner we use touches our hands and can help lead to resistant microorganisms

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