Exam 2: Chemical Methods of Microbial Control Flashcards
What are the 10 Major categories of antimicrobial chemicals?
- Phenol and Phenolics
- Alcohols
- Halogens
- Oxidizing Agents
- Surfactants
- Heavy Metals
- Aldehydes
- Gaseous Agents
- Enzymes
- Antimicrobials
What type of antimicrobial chemical is Lysol and Pine-sol an example of? What level of disinfectant is this?
Phenol and Phenolics
intermediate-to low-level
What is an example of the antimicrobial chemical Alcohols?
Rubbing alcohol, ethanol
T/F. Soap is more effective than alcohols in removing bacteria from hands.
False –alcohols are more effective
What is an intermediate-level disinfectants and is bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal against enveloped viruses?
Alcohols
What are examples of Halogens?
- chlorine
- bleach
- iodophores (betadine)
What type of antimicrobial chemical is Betadine, an iodophor, an example of?
Halogens
In a surgical setting, they use Betadine and degerm it, what does degerming entail?
scrubbing a surface
What anitmicrobial chemical is Peroxide, such as Hyrdogen peroxide, an example of?
Oxidizing Agents
What level of disinfectant and antiseptics are Oxidizing agents?
High-level
What type of antimicrobial chemical are Peroxides, ozone, and peracetic acid examples of?
Oxidizing agents
T/F. Hydrogen Peroxide should be used for wound care.
False– it is cytotoxic to healthy cells and granulating tissues
What are four things Hydrogen peroxide (an oxidizing agent) be used for?
- disinfecting inanimate objects
- becoming a “peroxide blonde”
- removing blood stains from clothing
- combine with baking soda and vinegar for cleaning
What should be used to clean out wounds?
- Normal Saline
2. Commercial Wound Cleansers–> contain surfactants
Why is saline good to use to clean out wounds?
it is physiologic and will ALWAYS be safe (human body = 0.9% NaCl and Saline is 0.9% NaCl)
will not clean well in dirty, necrotic wounds though
Commercial wound cleaners contain surfactants, what does this help do?
help lift bacteria and cellular debris out of wounds
may help with dirty, necrotic wounds
What type of antimicrobial chemical category are soaps and detergents in?
Surfactants
Soaps are good _____ agents, but NOT ______.
degerming
antimicrobial (do not kill microbs)
What makes antibacterial soap different than regular soap?
have had antimicrobial agents added to them
What are low-level disinfectants that are synthetic, positively cahrged organic surfactants?
detergents
What is ideal for disinfecting adjusting tables?*
Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds)
What can be used to disinfect adjusting tables? But which is the PREFERRED one?
- phenol
- alcohol
- peroxide
- essential oils
- **QUAT (clorox wipes) = preferred
What are the four steps for disinfecting an adjusting table that is highly soiled?
- clean excess dirt first
- wipe surface to be disinfected
- use enough wipes for treated surface to remain visibly wet for 4 minutes
- let surface air dry
How long sound one let the surface remain wet for when disinfecting adjusting tables?
4 minutes
What category of antimicrobial chemicals is a low-level bacteriostatic and fungistatic agent?
Heavy Metals
What used to be used to prevent blindness of a baby caused by N. gonorrhoeae? What was it replaced by?
1% silver nitrate (a Heavy metal)
replaced by less irritating antimicrobial ointments
What vaccine preservative was replaced in 1999 because of the mercury it contained?
Thimerosal (still in flu vaccines though
:( )
What Heavy metal can help control algae growth?
copper
What are arsenic, zinc, mercury, silver, and copper all examples of?
Heavy metals
What compounds contain a terminal -CHO group?
Aldehydes
What are two examples of Aldehydes used for antimicrobial chemical control?
- Glutaraldehyde
2. Formalin (formaldehyde + water)
What is Glutaraldehyde used for? What type of antimicrobial chemical is it?
disinfects and sterilizes, used in hospitals, labs, and dental offices
Aldehyde
What is Formalin used for? What type of antimicrobial chemical is it?
(formaldehyde + water)
used in embalming and disinfection of rooms and instruments (in labs)
Aldehyde
What type of antimicrobial chemical is Ethylene oxide an example of?
Gaseous agents
What is microbicidal and sporicidal and is used in closed chambers to sterlize them?
Gaseous agents
- dental offices and hospitals use it
What are the disadvantages to Gaseous agents?
can be hazardous to people, often highly explosive, extremely poisonous, potentially carcinogenic
What is a new development that can remove prions on medical instruments?
“Prionzyme”– in the Enzyme category for antimicrobial chemical control
What antimicrobial chemical category is Lysozyme an example of? What is it used for?
Enzymes
used to reduce the number of bacteria in cheese
What are enzymes that act against microorganisms called?
Antimicrobial enzymes
What category of antimicrobial chemical control are typically used for treatment of disease in the human body?
Antimicrobials
What type of antimicrobial chemical are antibiotics, semi-synthetic, and synthetic chemicals examples of?
Antimicrobials
What does the CDC recommend when it comes to soap?
using mild, regular soap and washing in warm running water for at least 10-15 seconds in most cases
Why should antimicrobial soaps be reserved for limited applications?
overuse of them contributes to evolution of resistant microorganisms
What are the limited applications that we should reserve antimicrobial soaps for?
- handling food
- care of newborns
- high-risk patients by health care workers
What ingredient in many consumer products is being researched and is of concern that is may interfer with hormones?
Triclosan
BADDDDDD
What about resistance and cleaning tables?
differences b/w survivability of microorganisms on inanimate objects vs in/on humans
- most pathogens are adapted to thrive in/on humans
What is an alternative method for cleaning cloth tables as well as vinyl?
Steam cleaners–> work by heating up the water to high temperatures–> the intense heat of the steam can kill about 99% of bacteria, viruses, mold, and household dust mites
What should we wear when cleaning with disinfectants?
gloves–> b/c even if cleaning inanimate objects, the cleaner we use touches our hands and can help lead to resistant microorganisms
