Exam 2: Diseases of the Eyes

Question 1

What is a Sty? What organism causes it?

Answer 1

• a form of folliculitis
• infs. of sebaceous glands near eye
• inf. of hair follicle on eyelid
• caused by Staphylococcus aurerus (MC) (Gram + Bacteria) or Stap. epidermidis

Question 2

What is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in humans?

Answer 2

Trachoma

world-wide statistic

Question 3

How does one contract a Sty?

Answer 3

direct or indirect contact

Question 4

What causes the eyelids to turn inward, eyelashes abrade, irritate scar and scar the cornea, and can lead to blindness?

Answer 4

Trachoma

Question 5

What organism causes Trachoma?

Answer 5

Chlamydia trachomatis

Gram - Bacteria

Question 6

How is Trachoma transmitted?

Answer 6

bacteria from genitals introduced to the eyes in birth canal, or via fomites or fingers

Question 7

How does one get Ophthalmia Neonatorum? What is another name for it?

Answer 7

aka newborn conjunctivitis

bacteria from genitals introduced to the eyes in birth canal

Question 8

What disease can newborns get in their eyes that causes inflammation of the cornea or blindness, if they mother has Gonorrhea?

Answer 8

Ophthalmia Neonatorum (aka newborn conjuncitivits)

Question 9

What organism primarily causes Ophthalmia Neonatorum (aka newborn conjuncitivits)?

Answer 9

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Bacteria (Gram -)

Question 10

What disease can a newborn get going through the birth canal if the mother has chlamydia?

Answer 10

Trachoma

leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in humans

Question 11

What eye disease can be caused by a bacteria or a virus and all forms cause red eye, irritation, and watering of the eyes?

Answer 11

Conjunctivitis (aka Pinkeye)

–> very contagious

Question 12

How is Conjunctivitis (aka pinkeye) spread?

Answer 12

direst transmission

Question 13

How will conjunctivitis manifest if it is caused by a bacteria?

Answer 13

marked grittiness, mucopurulent discharge

Question 14

What organisms cause Conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

Bacteria:

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus aegyptii

Viral:
- adenovirus

Question 15

What is the MC organism to cause Conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

the viral one–> adenovirus

Question 16

What is the viral cause of conjunctivitis known as?

Answer 16

(adenovirus)

“swimming pool conjunctivitis”

Question 17

What is the one viral eye disease we discussed?

Answer 17

Ocular Herpes

aka ophthalmic herpes

Question 18

What eye disease causes unilateral, gritty feeling, conjuncitivits, pain, sensitivity to light, corneal lesions, and can lead to blindness?

Answer 18

Ocular Herpes

aka ophthalmic herpes

Question 19

What organism causes Ocular Herpes?

Answer 19

mainly–> HHV-1 (HSV-1) “above waist herpes”

(occasionally-> HHV-2)

virus

Question 20

Where may the virus that causes Ocular Herpes go latent?

Answer 20

trigeminal ganglion and travels down ophthalmic branch

Question 21

How is Ocular Herpes transmitted?

Answer 21

close contact with active lesions

Question 22

What one fungal eye disease did we discuss that causes eye pain, red eye, and blindness?

Answer 22

Ocular Candidiasis

Question 23

What is the most common causative agent of Ocular Candidiasis?

Answer 23

Candida albicans

fungal

Question 24

How does one get Candida albicans?

Answer 24

is an opportunistic infection –> spread via bloodstream or by direct inoculation of fungus (surgery or trauma)

Question 25

What is the one Protozoan eye disease that we discussed that is an emerging disease?

Answer 25

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Question 26

What symptoms does Acanthamoeba Keratitis cause?

Answer 26

extreme eye pain, severe redness

Question 27

What organism causes Acanthamoeba Keratitis?

Answer 27

Acanthamoeba (in our tap water)

Question 28

In the U.S. what are about half of all cases of Acanthamoeba Keratitis associated with?

Answer 28

contact lens use

–> NEVER use non sterile solutions to clean or store contact lenses, or tap water, or wear them in hot tubs, swimming, or showering

Question 29

How can Acanthamoeba Keratitis be transmitted?

Answer 29

via cuts, scrapes, or conjunctiva

Question 30

What are the two eye disease we discussed that we caused by Helminthic parasites?

Answer 30

1. Loa Loa Filariasis (subcutaneous filariasis or loaiasis)

2. Onchocerciasis ( River Blindness)

Question 31

What eye disease doesn’t normally affect vision, but can be painful moving across the bridge of the nose and creates Calabar swellings below skin?

Answer 31

Loa Loa Filariasis (aka subcutaneous filariasis or loiasis)

Question 32

What are Calabar swellings? What disease are the characteristic of?

Answer 32

red itchy swelling below the skin

Loa Loa Filariasis

Question 33

What pathogen causes Loa Loa Filariasis?

Answer 33

nematode (roundworm) Loa Loa

Question 34

What does Filariasis mean?

Answer 34

worm/helminth

Question 35

What helminthic parasitic disease causes long-term corneal inflammation and thickening of corneal stroma and leads to blindness?

Answer 35

Onchocerciasis

aka River Blindness*

Question 36

What is another name for Onchocerciasis?

Answer 36

River Blindness (more commonly used)

Question 37

What pathogen causes River Blindness?

Answer 37

nematode Onchocerca volvulus

round worm

Question 38

If someone was to contract either Loa Loa Filariasis or River Blindness, where should they travel?

Answer 38

Africa

Question 39

What is the vector for Loa Loa Filariasis?

Answer 39

Deer fly or Mango fly

Question 40

What is the vector for River Blindness?

Answer 40

Black fly

Question 41

If someone was going to travel to Africa, how would they prevent contracting Loa Loa Filariasis?

Answer 41

geting Antihelminthic prophylaxis effective medication