Exam 2: Diseases of the Eyes Flashcards
What is a Sty? What organism causes it?
- a form of folliculitis
- infs. of sebaceous glands near eye
- inf. of hair follicle on eyelid
- caused by Staphylococcus aurerus (MC) (Gram + Bacteria) or Stap. epidermidis
What is the leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in humans?
Trachoma
world-wide statistic
How does one contract a Sty?
direct or indirect contact
What causes the eyelids to turn inward, eyelashes abrade, irritate scar and scar the cornea, and can lead to blindness?
Trachoma
What organism causes Trachoma?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram - Bacteria
How is Trachoma transmitted?
bacteria from genitals introduced to the eyes in birth canal, or via fomites or fingers
How does one get Ophthalmia Neonatorum? What is another name for it?
aka newborn conjunctivitis
bacteria from genitals introduced to the eyes in birth canal
What disease can newborns get in their eyes that causes inflammation of the cornea or blindness, if they mother has Gonorrhea?
Ophthalmia Neonatorum (aka newborn conjuncitivits)
What organism primarily causes Ophthalmia Neonatorum (aka newborn conjuncitivits)?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Bacteria (Gram -)
What disease can a newborn get going through the birth canal if the mother has chlamydia?
Trachoma
leading cause of non-traumatic blindness in humans
What eye disease can be caused by a bacteria or a virus and all forms cause red eye, irritation, and watering of the eyes?
Conjunctivitis (aka Pinkeye)
–> very contagious
How is Conjunctivitis (aka pinkeye) spread?
direst transmission
How will conjunctivitis manifest if it is caused by a bacteria?
marked grittiness, mucopurulent discharge
What organisms cause Conjunctivitis?
Bacteria:
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus aegyptii
Viral:
- adenovirus
What is the MC organism to cause Conjunctivitis?
the viral one–> adenovirus
What is the viral cause of conjunctivitis known as?
(adenovirus)
“swimming pool conjunctivitis”
What is the one viral eye disease we discussed?
Ocular Herpes
aka ophthalmic herpes
What eye disease causes unilateral, gritty feeling, conjuncitivits, pain, sensitivity to light, corneal lesions, and can lead to blindness?
Ocular Herpes
aka ophthalmic herpes
What organism causes Ocular Herpes?
mainly–> HHV-1 (HSV-1) “above waist herpes”
(occasionally-> HHV-2)
virus
Where may the virus that causes Ocular Herpes go latent?
trigeminal ganglion and travels down ophthalmic branch
How is Ocular Herpes transmitted?
close contact with active lesions
What one fungal eye disease did we discuss that causes eye pain, red eye, and blindness?
Ocular Candidiasis
What is the most common causative agent of Ocular Candidiasis?
Candida albicans
fungal
How does one get Candida albicans?
is an opportunistic infection –> spread via bloodstream or by direct inoculation of fungus (surgery or trauma)
What is the one Protozoan eye disease that we discussed that is an emerging disease?
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
What symptoms does Acanthamoeba Keratitis cause?
extreme eye pain, severe redness
What organism causes Acanthamoeba Keratitis?
Acanthamoeba (in our tap water)
In the U.S. what are about half of all cases of Acanthamoeba Keratitis associated with?
contact lens use
–> NEVER use non sterile solutions to clean or store contact lenses, or tap water, or wear them in hot tubs, swimming, or showering
How can Acanthamoeba Keratitis be transmitted?
via cuts, scrapes, or conjunctiva
What are the two eye disease we discussed that we caused by Helminthic parasites?
- Loa Loa Filariasis (subcutaneous filariasis or loaiasis)
2. Onchocerciasis ( River Blindness)
What eye disease doesn’t normally affect vision, but can be painful moving across the bridge of the nose and creates Calabar swellings below skin?
Loa Loa Filariasis (aka subcutaneous filariasis or loiasis)
What are Calabar swellings? What disease are the characteristic of?
red itchy swelling below the skin
Loa Loa Filariasis
What pathogen causes Loa Loa Filariasis?
nematode (roundworm) Loa Loa
What does Filariasis mean?
worm/helminth
What helminthic parasitic disease causes long-term corneal inflammation and thickening of corneal stroma and leads to blindness?
Onchocerciasis
aka River Blindness*
What is another name for Onchocerciasis?
River Blindness (more commonly used)
What pathogen causes River Blindness?
nematode Onchocerca volvulus
round worm
If someone was to contract either Loa Loa Filariasis or River Blindness, where should they travel?
Africa
What is the vector for Loa Loa Filariasis?
Deer fly or Mango fly
What is the vector for River Blindness?
Black fly
If someone was going to travel to Africa, how would they prevent contracting Loa Loa Filariasis?
geting Antihelminthic prophylaxis effective medication
