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Microbiology- Drover > Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Bacteria > Flashcards

Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an abscess?

A

pus-filled pockets in skin resulting from BACTERIAL inf.; can occur on skin surface and w/in the deeper structures of the skin

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2
Q

What is another term used for abscesses?

A

pimple (but NOT the same as acne)

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3
Q

What is a large, painful, raised nodular extension of folliculitis into surrounding tissue?

A

Furuncle or boil

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4
Q

What is coalescence of several furuncles, and extends deeper into tissues, and can spread and involve multiple organs/systems?

A

Carbuncle

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5
Q

What is a type of skin abscess that involves the hair follicle?

A

folliculitis

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6
Q

What do we call it when a folliculitis occurs at the eyelid base?

A

sty

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7
Q

What are some signs and symptoms abscesses and folliculitis? What may it drain?

A

swollen, red, itching, burning

may drain pus, blood, or both

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8
Q

What organisms most commonly causes abscesses/folliculitis? What type of pathogen are they?

A

Staphylococcus
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Staphylococcus aureus
(Gram + Bacteria)

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9
Q

Of the two pathogens on the skin that may cause abscesses/folliculitis, which is most predominant on the skin?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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10
Q

Of the two pathogens on the skin that may cause abcesses/folliculitis, which is more virulent?

A

(more likely to cause inf.)

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

What is the mode of tranmission for Abscess/Folliculitis?

A

Direct contact or indirect contact (fomite)

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12
Q

What are the drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

VRSA (Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus

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13
Q

What are the drug resistant strains of Staphlococcus aureus considered?

A

emerging diseases

abscesses/folliculitis

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14
Q

T/F. S. aureus infections are common nosocomial infections, but also seeing an emergence of community acquired strains.

A

True

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15
Q

What is the prevention method of abscesses/folloculitis?

A

handwashing

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16
Q

What is characterized by many small pimples on stomach, buttocks, arms, and legs?

A

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis

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17
Q

What is the organism that causes “Hot Tub” Folliculitis? What type of pathogen is it?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram - Bacteria

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18
Q

How is “Hot Tub” Folliculitis transmitted?

A

direct contact through a poorly chlorinated hot tub or spa

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19
Q

What disease is characterized by reddening of skin, begins near mouth, then spreads over entire body, following by large blisters, and then w/in 2 days skin peels off in sheets?

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

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20
Q

What organism causes Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)? What type of pathogen is it?

A

Staphylococcus aureus– 5% of this strain that secrete 1 or 2 exfoliative toxins

(Gram + Bacteria)

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21
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)?

A

person-to-person spread

direct or indirect contact

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22
Q

How is Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) diagnosed?

A

by sloughing of skin

Tx with antibiotics; requires hospitalization

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23
Q

What is the MC age group to have Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)?

A

occurs primarily in infants and children under 5

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24
Q

What disease has small, flattened red patches on face and limbs, and has pus-filled vesicles with honey-colored crust?

A

Impetigo (aka Pyoderma)

Pyoderma = the sign of honey-colored crust

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25
Q

What disease is a fiery red rash with sharply defined raised borders?

A

Erysipelas

NO blisters–like Impetigo has

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26
Q

What organims and type of pathogen cause Impetigo (aka Pyoderma)?

A

80%– Staphylococcus aureus
20%– Streptococcus pyogenes

(both Gram + Bacteria)

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27
Q

What age group is Impetigo (Pyoderma) MC in?

A

children

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28
Q

How is Impetigo or Erysipelas transmitted?

A

person-to-person or via fomites

direct or indirect contact

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29
Q

What age group is Erysipelas MC in?

A

elderly, peak incidence is ages 60-80

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30
Q

What organism causes Erysipelas? What type of pathogen is it?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram + Bacteria

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31
Q

How Impetigo diagnosed?

A

by the presence of vesicles that are pus filled with bacteria and WBCs

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32
Q

What disease is know as “Flesh-eating bacteria”?

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

– secretes enzymes and toxins that destroy tissues

33
Q

What is the fatality rate of Necrotizing Fasciitis?

A

greater than 50%; it is very dangerous and severe

emerging disease

34
Q

What are the symptoms of Necrotizing Fasciitis?

A

starts with big, purplish-red blisters–> are intensely painful

destroys muscle and fat tissue (necrosis)

35
Q

How does necrotizing Fasciitis spread in the body? What can it eventually cause?

A

spreads along fascia

may cause multiple organ failure

36
Q

What organism causes Necrotizing fasciitis? What pathogen type is it?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram + Bacteria

37
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Direct contact: enters via breaks in the skin

38
Q

What do we call dead and dying bacteria and sebum forming a blockage of the pore?

A

blackhead

39
Q

What do we call inflamed skin the swells over the pore when bacteria infect the hair follicle, causing the accumulation of colonizing bacteria and sebum?

A

Whitehead

40
Q

What do we call severe inflammation of the hair follicle causing pustule formation and rupture, producing cystic acne, which is often causes scars?

A

Pustule formation

41
Q

What is the MC organism that causes acne?

A

Propionibacterium ances

causes 85% of cases

42
Q

What is the most severe form of acne?

A

cystic acne

43
Q

What is the mode of transmission for acne?

A

Propionibacterium ances is part of normal microbiota

–> it is an opportunistic pathogen (Gram + Bacteria)

44
Q

What is the incidence of acne?

A

75% of adolescents and young adults

45
Q

What causes a bump (papule) or blister (pustule) at site of injury and then lymph node swelling (lymphadenopathy) near the site of the scratch of bite?

A

Cat Scratch Disease

46
Q

What organism causes Cat Scratch Disease?

A

Bartonelle henselae
(“Bart the barn cat is a hen slayer”)
(Gram + Bacteria)

47
Q

What actually makes you sick from Cat Scratch Disease?

A

Bartonella henselae has an endotoxin as a virulence factor

48
Q

How is Cat Scratch Disease transmitted?

A

by cat bites or scratches

49
Q

If someone is experiencing fever, chills, and a production of purulent matter, and produces a blue-green pigment called pyocyanin that contributes to tissue damage, what organisms could be causing this?

A

Pseudomonas Infection

caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(Bacteria Gram -)

50
Q

2/3 of burn victims develop what type of infections?

A

Pseudomonas infections

51
Q

What is Pseudomonas infections considered that allows it to manifest in burn victims?

A

it is a thermophilic

52
Q

What organism produces pyocyanin appearance?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

is a blue-green pigment

53
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

opportunistic infection often occurs in burn victims

54
Q

How is a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infeciton diagnosed?

A

(hard to Dx b/c burn victim already has a lot going on)

–Pyocyanin discoloration indicates massive inf

55
Q

What is the treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance

56
Q

T/F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is widespread so prevention is difficult, but infections typically don’t occur in healthy individuals.

A

True

57
Q

What disease manifests with a fever, HA, chills, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and a non-itchy spotted rash on trunk and appendages, including soles and palms?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

58
Q

What do about 50% of individuals with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever develop?

A

petechiae

59
Q

What organism causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

Gram - Bacteria

60
Q

What is the most severe and common Rickettsial illness?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

61
Q

How is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever transmitted?

A

reservoir = rodents

vector = ticks–> get a tick bite

62
Q

What is so crucial about the Dx of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

early diagnosis crucial–> diff b/w recovery and death

63
Q

What percent of patients still die even with Tx for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

~5% of patients die, even with treatment

64
Q

What disease is characterized by painless, solid, raised nodules at the site of inf. and spreads to form painless, swollen, black, crusty, ulcers? What are these ulcers called?

A

Cutanesous Anthrax

called eschar

65
Q

What organism causes Cutaneous Anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

Gram + Bacteria

66
Q

What makes Bacillus anthracis so virulent?

A

(causes Cutaneous Anthrax)

  • can form endospore
  • 3 toxins–> therefore causing toxemia
67
Q

If left untreated, in what percent of patients in Cutaneous Anthrax fatal?

A

20%

68
Q

When we see the word eschar, what disease should we ass. with it?

A

Anthrax

69
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Cutaneous Anthrax?

A

direct contact with anthrax spores–> from inf animals

resivor for anthrax = lifestock

70
Q

What disease causes intense pain at initial site of inf. and necrosis of inf. muscles and skin and produces abundant, foul-smelling, gas bubbles?

A

Gas Gangrene

71
Q

What will often occur within 1 week of someone with Gas Gangrene?

A

shock, kidney failure, and death

72
Q

What organism causes Gas Gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens (can form endospore)

Gram + Bacteria

73
Q

What makes the organism, Clostridium perfingens, that causes Gas Gangrene so virulent?

A
  • forms endospores

- secretes 11 toxins that can cause irreversible damage to body

74
Q

T/F. Rapid treatment of Gas Gangrene is not crucial.

A

FALSE–it is crucial

75
Q

What is the mortality rate of patients with Gas Gangrene?

A

greater than 40%

76
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Gas Gangrene?

A

traumatic event that introduces endospores into tissue–from fecally contaminated soil/water

77
Q

What is the treatment of Gas Gangrene?

A

rapid Tx = crucial

  • surgical removal of dead tissue
  • *administer antitoxin and penicillin
78
Q

How does one prevent Gas Gangrene?

A

proper cleaning of wounds

79
Q

What bacterial skin disease that one can get through direct contact is a Category A Bioterrorist threat?

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

Microbiology- Drover (17 decks)

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