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Microbiology- Drover > Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three poxviruses that cause human diseases that are of our focus?

A
  1. Smallpox
  2. Monkeypox
  3. Molluscum contagiosum
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2
Q

What has pox lesions on face and body, and could cause possible blindness and sterility, and is often fatal?

A

Small pox

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3
Q

What pathogen causes the smallpox?

A

Smallpox virus

AKA variola virus

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4
Q

What does the variola virus cause?

A

Smallpox

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5
Q

What is the ONLY human disease eradicated worldwide?

A

smallpox

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6
Q

What is the number one category A Bioterrorist Threat?

A

Smallpox

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7
Q

How is smallpox transferred?

A

inhalation

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8
Q

What is the treatment of smallpox?

A

requires immediate vaccination

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9
Q

What are the three infections that can be treated with vaccines?

A
  1. smallpox
  2. tetenus
  3. rabies
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10
Q

What disease has characteristic pox lesions and has lymphadenopathy?

A

Monkeypox

lymphadenopathy is NOT in smallpox

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11
Q

What pathogen causes Monkeypox?

A

Monkeypox virus

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12
Q

What is reservoir for Monkeypox?

A

monkeys and rodents (mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs)

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13
Q

How is Monkeypox spread?

A

primarily inhalation

- or direct contact, including bodily fluids and lesions

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14
Q

T/F. Monkeypox is considered a Emerging Disease.

A

True

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15
Q

What manifests with raised, pearl-like, waxy papules typically on face, trunk, or external genitalia?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

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16
Q

What pathogen causes Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum virus

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17
Q

How is Molluscum Contagiosum transferred?

A

direct contact and fomites

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18
Q

What age is Molluscum Contagiosum MC in? What individuals?

A

children ages 1-10 years

sexually active inds, and immunocompromised inds

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19
Q

What are the three kinds of Herpes Infections that manifest with recurrent, painful, slow-spreading blisters/skin lesions?

A
  1. Herpes Labialis (oral herpes)
  2. Herpetic Whitlow (finger)
  3. Herpes Gladiatorum (anywhere)
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20
Q

Is Herpes a latent virus?

A

Yes, about 2/3 of patients will experience recurrences as result of activation of latent virus.

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21
Q

What are some reactivation triggers for a Herpes infection?

A

Immune suppression caused by:

  • stress
  • fever
  • illness
  • trauma
  • sunlight
  • menstruation
  • disease
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22
Q

What pathogen causes Herpes, the old and new name?

A

HHV-1/HHV-2 (Human Herpesviruses 1 and 2)

aka Herpes simplex virus or HSV (old term)

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23
Q

What is the general rule of thumb (80-90% of the time) for the strain of Herpes that causes herpes “above the waist” and “below the waist”?

A

above–> HHV-1

below–> HHV-2

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24
Q

How does one contract Herpes virus?

A

close and direct contact with the active lesions

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25
Q

T/F. One can get ride of Herpes infections with antiviral medicaitons.

A

False– infs for adults are not life threatening, but are lifelong

antiviral medications help control it, but DO NOT CURE IT

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26
Q

What disease is characterized by recurrent, painful, slow spreading blisters on the face and mouth?

A

Herpes labialis (aka oral herpes, cold sores, fever blisters)

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27
Q

What virus causes Herpes labialis?

A

Mainly HHV-1

occasionally HHV-2

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28
Q

If a patients has Herpes labialis where will is most likely go latent?

A

trigeminal ganglion

“above the waist herpes”

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29
Q

What disease is characterized by recurrent, painful, slow-spreading blister on the finger? What strain MC causes this?

A

Herpetic Whitlow

Mainly HHV-1
occasionally HHV-2

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30
Q

If someone has latent HHV-1 in the brachial ganglia, where will it most likely manifest when it remanifests?

A

on the finger as Herpetic Whitlow

“above the waist herpes”

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31
Q

If a patient has HHV-2 in a sacral ganglia, where will it manifest when it becomes active?

A

as genital herpes

32
Q

What viral infection manifests with recurrent, painful, slow-spreading blisters anywhere on the body, and is ass. with contact sports?

A

Herpes gladiatorum

33
Q

What strain MC causes Herpes gladiatorum? Where will it go latent?

A

mainly HHV-1
occasionally HHV-2

in various ganglion

34
Q

What viral disease manifests as an extremely itchy, fluid-filled blisters all over the body?

A

Chickenpox (aka varicella)

35
Q

What is another name for chickenpox?

A

varicella

36
Q

What pathogen causes chickenpox (varicella)?

A

Human Herpesvrius 3 (HHV-3)

aka Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

–also causes shingles

37
Q

What viral disease is characterized by painful, blistering skin rash that follows a dermatome and is usually unilateral?

A

Shingles

aka herpes zoster

38
Q

If one is infection with HHV-3 for the first time, what will they get? What age will this ind most likely be?

A

chickenpox (varicella)

most often affects children
more severe in adults

39
Q

How does shingles occur? What age group MC?

A

~15-30% of people who had chickenpox–> Reactivated latent virus, so HHV-3

most often in ind over 50

40
Q

What pathogen causes shingles?

A

same one as chickenpox–> HHV-3 (aka Varicella-Zoster)

41
Q

What term is used for pain that persists greater than a month after onset of shingles?

A

Postherpatic neuralgia

42
Q

What is another name for shingles?

A

herpes zoster

43
Q

What are benign epithelial growths on the skin or mucous membranes?

A

Warts

44
Q

What pathogen causes warts?

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)–> over 40 varieties

45
Q

What are the three different kinds of warts?

A
  1. Seed warts–> fingers and toes
  2. Plantar warts–> soles of feet
  3. Flat warts–> trunk, face, elbow, knees
46
Q

What type of wart is it usually if it is found on:

  1. the fingers or toes
  2. soles of feet
  3. trunk, face, elbow, knees
A
  1. seed warts
  2. plantar warts
  3. flat warts
47
Q

How does one contract warts?

A
  • direct contact and fomites

- autoinoculation– spreads form one location to another on a person

48
Q

What are the 5 Classical Childhood Exanthems (rashes) we should know?

A
  1. Rubeola (Measles)
  2. Scarlet Fever–(not going over)
  3. Rubella (German Measles)
  4. Erythema infectiosum (“Fifth Disease”)
  5. Roseola
49
Q

What are the one two viral skin/wound disease that we are talking about that has an RNA virus causing the disease?

A

Measles (aka Rubeola)
Rubella (aka German Measles)

1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases

50
Q

What is another name for Measles?

A

Rubeola or (1st disease)

51
Q

What disease manifests with Koplik’s spots appearing on the mucous membranes of the mouth, following by a rash on the face that spreads to the body w/in 1-2 weeks?

A

Measles (Rubeola) (1st disease or red measles)

Koplik’s = white spots in mouth

52
Q

What is a rare complication of measles (Rubeola) that can result?

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

and pneumonia and encephalitis

53
Q

What pathogen causes Measles (Rubeola)?

A

Measles virus (Morbillivirus)

an RNA virus

54
Q

What is the death rate associated with Measles (Rubeola)?

A

1-2 in 1,000 (~0.27%)–not an alarming statistic

55
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Measles (Rubeola)?

A

spreads via respiratory droplets

humans are the ONLY host

highly contagious–> infectious 4 days pre-rash and 4 days after rash appears

56
Q

How is Measles (Rubeola) diagnosed? What is the Tx? Prevention?

A

based on signs, esp. Koplik’s spots

No Tx

MMR vaccine availabel

57
Q

What is the MMR vaccine?

A

Measles (Rubeola)
Mumps
Rubella (German Measles

58
Q

What is another name for Rubella?

A

German Measles

59
Q

What is characterized by a rash of flat, pink to red spots and is worrisome for a pregnant woman?

A

Rubella (German Measles)

1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases

60
Q

What group of individuals is of concern for an infection with Rubella/German Measles? Why?

A

Infection of pregnant women can cause birth defects or death of fetus

“Congenital Rubella Syndrome” (CRS)

61
Q

What is Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)?

A

the fetus may contract if a mother is infection with Rubella (German Measles) in 0-20 weeks of pregnancy,

  • entails a range of serious incurable illnesses
  • spontaneous abortion in up to 20% of cases
62
Q

What pathogen causes Rubella?

A

Rubella Virus

aka Rubivrius

63
Q

How is Rubella (German Measles) spread?

A

respiratory secretions

once rash is present, the ind is usually not infectious anymore

64
Q

How can one prevent Rubella?

A

(German Measles)

MMR vaccine–> aimed at preventing rubella inf in pregnant women

65
Q

What is known as Fifth Diseae?

A

Erythema Infectiosum

66
Q

What is another name for Erythema Infectiosum?

A

Fifth disease

1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases

67
Q

What disease is characterized by reddening of the skin that resembles a slap, often called slapped check syndrome?

A

Fifth disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases

68
Q

What aggravates Fifth diseae (Erythema Infectiosum)?

A

sunlight; rash gets worse with sunlight

69
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Fifth disease?

A

spread mostly by droplets (respiratory disease); once rash is present, the person is usually no longer infectious

70
Q

What pathogen causes Fifth disease/Erythema Infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B19

71
Q

What does Parovirus B19 cause in humans?

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum)

–NOT common in humans, normally see inf, in dogs

72
Q

What disease is characterized by a rose-colored rash on face, neck, trunk, and thighs and can cause mononucleosis-like symptoms?

A

Roseola

1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases

73
Q

What pathogen causes Roseola?

A

HHV-6 (Human Herpesvirus 6)

aka Roseolovirus

74
Q

How is Roseola transmitted?

A

person to person, most likely oral secretions

75
Q

The virus that causes Roseola, HHV-6, MAY make individuals more susceptible to what?

A

AIDS

76
Q

What other disease may Roseola be linked to?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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