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Microbiology- Drover > Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three poxviruses that cause human diseases that are of our focus?

A
  1. Smallpox
  2. Monkeypox
  3. Molluscum contagiosum
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2
Q

What has pox lesions on face and body, and could cause possible blindness and sterility, and is often fatal?

A

Small pox

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3
Q

What pathogen causes the smallpox?

A

Smallpox virus

AKA variola virus

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4
Q

What does the variola virus cause?

A

Smallpox

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5
Q

What is the ONLY human disease eradicated worldwide?

A

smallpox

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6
Q

What is the number one category A Bioterrorist Threat?

A

Smallpox

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7
Q

How is smallpox transferred?

A

inhalation

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8
Q

What is the treatment of smallpox?

A

requires immediate vaccination

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9
Q

What are the three infections that can be treated with vaccines?

A
  1. smallpox
  2. tetenus
  3. rabies
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10
Q

What disease has characteristic pox lesions and has lymphadenopathy?

A

Monkeypox

lymphadenopathy is NOT in smallpox

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11
Q

What pathogen causes Monkeypox?

A

Monkeypox virus

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12
Q

What is reservoir for Monkeypox?

A

monkeys and rodents (mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs)

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13
Q

How is Monkeypox spread?

A

primarily inhalation

- or direct contact, including bodily fluids and lesions

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14
Q

T/F. Monkeypox is considered a Emerging Disease.

A

True

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15
Q

What manifests with raised, pearl-like, waxy papules typically on face, trunk, or external genitalia?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

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16
Q

What pathogen causes Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum virus

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17
Q

How is Molluscum Contagiosum transferred?

A

direct contact and fomites

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18
Q

What age is Molluscum Contagiosum MC in? What individuals?

A

children ages 1-10 years

sexually active inds, and immunocompromised inds

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19
Q

What are the three kinds of Herpes Infections that manifest with recurrent, painful, slow-spreading blisters/skin lesions?

A
  1. Herpes Labialis (oral herpes)
  2. Herpetic Whitlow (finger)
  3. Herpes Gladiatorum (anywhere)
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20
Q

Is Herpes a latent virus?

A

Yes, about 2/3 of patients will experience recurrences as result of activation of latent virus.

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21
Q

What are some reactivation triggers for a Herpes infection?

A

Immune suppression caused by:

  • stress
  • fever
  • illness
  • trauma
  • sunlight
  • menstruation
  • disease
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22
Q

What pathogen causes Herpes, the old and new name?

A

HHV-1/HHV-2 (Human Herpesviruses 1 and 2)

aka Herpes simplex virus or HSV (old term)

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23
Q

What is the general rule of thumb (80-90% of the time) for the strain of Herpes that causes herpes “above the waist” and “below the waist”?

A

above–> HHV-1

below–> HHV-2

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24
Q

How does one contract Herpes virus?

A

close and direct contact with the active lesions

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25
T/F. One can get ride of Herpes infections with antiviral medicaitons.
False-- infs for adults are not life threatening, but are lifelong antiviral medications help control it, but DO NOT CURE IT
26
What disease is characterized by recurrent, painful, slow spreading blisters on the face and mouth?
Herpes labialis (aka oral herpes, cold sores, fever blisters)
27
What virus causes Herpes labialis?
Mainly HHV-1 | occasionally HHV-2
28
If a patients has Herpes labialis where will is most likely go latent?
trigeminal ganglion "above the waist herpes"
29
What disease is characterized by recurrent, painful, slow-spreading blister on the finger? What strain MC causes this?
Herpetic Whitlow Mainly HHV-1 occasionally HHV-2
30
If someone has latent HHV-1 in the brachial ganglia, where will it most likely manifest when it remanifests?
on the finger as Herpetic Whitlow "above the waist herpes"
31
If a patient has HHV-2 in a sacral ganglia, where will it manifest when it becomes active?
as genital herpes
32
What viral infection manifests with recurrent, painful, slow-spreading blisters anywhere on the body, and is ass. with contact sports?
Herpes gladiatorum
33
What strain MC causes Herpes gladiatorum? Where will it go latent?
mainly HHV-1 occasionally HHV-2 in various ganglion
34
What viral disease manifests as an extremely itchy, fluid-filled blisters all over the body?
Chickenpox (aka varicella)
35
What is another name for chickenpox?
varicella
36
What pathogen causes chickenpox (varicella)?
Human Herpesvrius 3 (HHV-3) aka Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) --also causes shingles
37
What viral disease is characterized by painful, blistering skin rash that follows a dermatome and is usually unilateral?
Shingles aka herpes zoster
38
If one is infection with HHV-3 for the first time, what will they get? What age will this ind most likely be?
chickenpox (varicella) | most often affects children more severe in adults
39
How does shingles occur? What age group MC?
~15-30% of people who had chickenpox--> Reactivated latent virus, so HHV-3 most often in ind over 50
40
What pathogen causes shingles?
same one as chickenpox--> HHV-3 (aka Varicella-Zoster)
41
What term is used for pain that persists greater than a month after onset of shingles?
Postherpatic neuralgia
42
What is another name for shingles?
herpes zoster
43
What are benign epithelial growths on the skin or mucous membranes?
Warts
44
What pathogen causes warts?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)--> over 40 varieties
45
What are the three different kinds of warts?
1. Seed warts--> fingers and toes 2. Plantar warts--> soles of feet 3. Flat warts--> trunk, face, elbow, knees
46
What type of wart is it usually if it is found on: 1. the fingers or toes 2. soles of feet 3. trunk, face, elbow, knees
1. seed warts 2. plantar warts 3. flat warts
47
How does one contract warts?
- direct contact and fomites | - autoinoculation-- spreads form one location to another on a person
48
What are the 5 Classical Childhood Exanthems (rashes) we should know?
1. Rubeola (Measles) 2. Scarlet Fever--(not going over) 3. Rubella (German Measles) 4. Erythema infectiosum ("Fifth Disease") 5. Roseola
49
What are the one two viral skin/wound disease that we are talking about that has an RNA virus causing the disease?
Measles (aka Rubeola) Rubella (aka German Measles) 1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases
50
What is another name for Measles?
Rubeola or (1st disease)
51
What disease manifests with Koplik's spots appearing on the mucous membranes of the mouth, following by a rash on the face that spreads to the body w/in 1-2 weeks?
Measles (Rubeola) (1st disease or red measles) Koplik's = white spots in mouth
52
What is a rare complication of measles (Rubeola) that can result?
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) | and pneumonia and encephalitis
53
What pathogen causes Measles (Rubeola)?
Measles virus (Morbillivirus) an RNA virus
54
What is the death rate associated with Measles (Rubeola)?
1-2 in 1,000 (~0.27%)--not an alarming statistic
55
What is the mode of transmission for Measles (Rubeola)?
spreads via respiratory droplets humans are the ONLY host highly contagious--> infectious 4 days pre-rash and 4 days after rash appears
56
How is Measles (Rubeola) diagnosed? What is the Tx? Prevention?
based on signs, esp. Koplik's spots No Tx MMR vaccine availabel
57
What is the MMR vaccine?
Measles (Rubeola) Mumps Rubella (German Measles
58
What is another name for Rubella?
German Measles
59
What is characterized by a rash of flat, pink to red spots and is worrisome for a pregnant woman?
Rubella (German Measles) 1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases
60
What group of individuals is of concern for an infection with Rubella/German Measles? Why?
Infection of pregnant women can cause birth defects or death of fetus "Congenital Rubella Syndrome" (CRS)
61
What is Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)?
the fetus may contract if a mother is infection with Rubella (German Measles) in 0-20 weeks of pregnancy, - entails a range of serious incurable illnesses - spontaneous abortion in up to 20% of cases
62
What pathogen causes Rubella?
Rubella Virus aka Rubivrius
63
How is Rubella (German Measles) spread?
respiratory secretions once rash is present, the ind is usually not infectious anymore
64
How can one prevent Rubella?
(German Measles) MMR vaccine--> aimed at preventing rubella inf in pregnant women
65
What is known as Fifth Diseae?
Erythema Infectiosum
66
What is another name for Erythema Infectiosum?
Fifth disease 1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases
67
What disease is characterized by reddening of the skin that resembles a slap, often called slapped check syndrome?
Fifth disease (Erythema Infectiosum) 1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases
68
What aggravates Fifth diseae (Erythema Infectiosum)?
sunlight; rash gets worse with sunlight
69
What is the mode of transmission for Fifth disease?
spread mostly by droplets (respiratory disease); once rash is present, the person is usually no longer infectious
70
What pathogen causes Fifth disease/Erythema Infectiosum?
Parvovirus B19
71
What does Parovirus B19 cause in humans?
Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum) --NOT common in humans, normally see inf, in dogs
72
What disease is characterized by a rose-colored rash on face, neck, trunk, and thighs and can cause mononucleosis-like symptoms?
Roseola 1 of 5 classical childhood exanthem diseases
73
What pathogen causes Roseola?
HHV-6 (Human Herpesvirus 6) aka Roseolovirus
74
How is Roseola transmitted?
person to person, most likely oral secretions
75
The virus that causes Roseola, HHV-6, MAY make individuals more susceptible to what?
AIDS
76
What other disease may Roseola be linked to?
Multiple Sclerosis

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