Exam 2: Disease of NS -- Viral Flashcards
What are the four viral disease we are discussing of the Nervous System?
- Viral Meningitis
- Poliomyelitis
- Rabies
- Arboviral Encephalitis (5 of them)
What is the most common type/cause of meningitis?*
viral meningitis
T/F. Viruses more readily cross the blood-brain barrier, therefore viral infections occur more frequently than bacterial and fungal infections in the nervous system.
true
What are the symptoms of viral meningitis?
similar to bacterial meningitis, but milder
- sudden high fever
- nuchal rigidity
- meningeal inflam.
- severe HA
- etc.
What genus of organism causes 90% of cases of Viral meningitis?*
Enterovirus* (Poloiovirus, Coxackie virus, Echovirus)
RNA Virus
What is an “aka” name for viral meningitis?
“aseptic meningitis” (b/c no bacteria found in CSF)
How is viral meningitis spread?
via respiratory droplets and feces
What is the Dx and Tx for viral meningitis?
Dx by absence of bacteria in CSF
Tx– non; most patients completely recover on own w/in 2 weeks
What is the official name for “polio? What organism causes it?
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus
What percentage of cases of Poliomyelitis are asymptomatic?
almost 90% of cases
What are the three “types” of Poliomyelitis? How do they manifest?
- Minor polio –> nonspecific symptoms (flu-like)
- Nonparalytic polio–> muscle spasms and back pain
- Paralytic polio–> paralysis (~1% of cases)
What “type” of Poliomyelitis represents only about 1% of cases? What can it result in?
Paralytic polio
can result in “bulbar poliomyelitis”–> brain stem and MO are inf.–results in paralysis of muscles in limbs or respiratory muscles
What is it called when there is crippling deterioration in the function of polio-affected muscles?
Postpolio syndrome
How is Poliomyelitis transmitted?
most often by drinking contaminated water or fecal-oral route
What are the two vaccines that near elimiated polio? Which one is not given anymore in the US?
IPV– inactivated polio vaccine
OPV– oral (live) polio vaccine–> NOT given in US anymore
Who developed the polio vaccines, IPV and OPV?
IPV–> Jonas Salk
OPV–> Albert Sabin
As of 2012, where are the only 3 places that polio remains an endemic?
Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan
What president was Dx with polio?
FDR
What is the Dx and Tx for poliomyelitis?
Dx–> lab find poliovirus in stool sample or swab of pharynx
Tx–> NO CURE (focus of providing relief to symptoms)
What disease is often acquired after being bite, and one initially has pain, itching, fever, malasia, anorexia, but then once it reaches the CNS they have hyrophobia, seizures, disorientation, hallucinations, and paralysis?
Rabies
How may death results from Rabies?
respiratory paralysis and other complications
What is the organism that causes Rabies?
Rabies virus
RNA virus
Histologically, what disease will show a bullet shaped capsid and Negri bodies?
Rabies
What is the source of most cases of Rabies here in the US? How does transmission of it usually occur?
bats –main reservoir in US
transmission usually occurs via bite
T/F. When symptoms for Rabies start to show, it can then be Dx and Tx.
FALSE– by the time symptoms show it is too late to intervene and one will die
If one has been bite by an animal they suspect may have rabies, what should they do?
Timing is critical!!!– go to hospital and get:
- Injection of human rabies immune globulin
- Vaccination with human diploid cell vaccine (HDVC)
What does the viral diseases under Arboviral Encephalitis tell us about how they are transmitted?
are arthropod borne (MC mosquito-borne, but some are tick borne–but it will say “tick” in the name.)
What type of symptoms to Arboviruses USUALLY cause?
mild, coldlike symptoms
T/F. Arboviruses are zoonotic diseases, and rarely affect humans.
True
If Arboviruses cross the BBB, what do they cause?
cause encephalitis
What are the 5 types of Arboviral Encephalitis we are discussing?
- Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
- St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
- West Nile Encephalitis virus
- California (LaCrosse) Encephalitis Virus
- Tick-borne Encephalitis virus