Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Fungal and Protozoan Flashcards
Mycoses are diseases caused by what type of pathogen?
Fungus
T/F. Most mycoses are contagious
False–most mycoses are NOT contagious; but there are some exceptions
T/F. Most mycoses are opportunistic.
True
What disease has hard, black, irregular nodules on the hair shaft?
Black Piedra (fungal inf)
What is Piedra? What are the two types of Piedra?
irregular nodules on the hair shaft–a fungal inf.
- Black Piedra
- White Piedra
What organism causes Black Piedra?
Piedraia hortae
fungal inf.
What disease is characterized by soft, grayish-white irregular nodules on the hair shaft?
White piedra (fungal inf)
What organism causes white piedra?
Trichosporon beiglii
fungal inf.
What is the mode of transmission for Piedra?
opportunistic–often through shared hair brushes and combs
person to person contact or env. exposure
How is Piedra treated?
treated by shaving infected hair
What are the two superficial mycoses of the skin that we are discussing?
- Piedra (Black and White)
2. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor
What does Tinea mean?
superficial fungal inf.
What is characterized by hypo- or hyper-pigmented patches of scaly skin, typically on trunk, shoulders, and arms (rarely on face and neck)?
Pityriasis versicolor
or called Tinea versicolor
What organism causes Pityriasis versicolor/ TInea versicolor?
Malassezia furfur
fungal inf.
What is the mode of transmission for Pityriasis versicolor/Tinea versiclor?
opportunistic pathogen
person to person or env. exposure–> some ass. with tanning beds
What is characteristic to how Pityriasis versicolor/Tinea versicolor is diagnosed? How is it Tx?
by a green color under UV light
Tx with topical or oral drugs
How long do the hypo- or hyper-pigmentation caused by Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor, take to return to normal?
takes months to return to normal
What is the only cutaneous mycoses infections of our focus?
Dermatophytoses (aka “Ringworm”)
What are dermatophytoses?
cutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes (specific grouping of fungi)
–previous called “ringworm”
What were Dermatophytoses previously called?
“ringworm”– even though NO worms are involved!!!
How are dermatophytoses transferred?
b/w people via fomites or direct contact
What are the 5 different manifestations/diseases of Dermatophytoses?
- Tinea pedis (“athletes foot”)
- Tinea cruris (“jock itch”)
- Tinea corporis (trunk)
- Tinea capitis (head)
- Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
What are the three genus names we should know that are responsible for dermatophytoses infections?
- Epidermophyton
- Microsporum
- Trichophyton
What are the characteristic signs of dermatophytoses infections?
red raised lesions, scaly, flaky, and itchy
nails involved–> white/yellow thickening of nails
Which disease of dermatophytosis is often most difficult to treat?
Tinea unguium “onychomycosis”
– under the nails
What is the nickname for/where is it found:
- Tinea pedis
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea corporis
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea unguium
- athletes foot
- jock itch (groin)
- trunk
- head
- onychomycosis (nails)
What is the only mycoses that we are discussing that requires an open wound to infect us?
Sporotrichosis
- Cutaneous
or
- Lymphocutaneous
aka Rose-gardener’s disease
What are the two types of Sporotrichosis?
- Cutaneous sporotrichosis (MC)
2. Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
What organism causes Sporotrichosis?
Sporothrix schenckii
fungal inf.
How does one typically get Sporotrichosis?
opportunistic pathogen
- introduced by thorn prick or wood splinters (reservoir is soil)
hence why called “rose- gardener’s disease”
How does Cutaneous sporotrichosis manifest?
produces nodular lesions around the infection site
How does Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis manifest?
secondary lesions occur on the skin along the course of lymphatic vessels
Which is MC, Cutaneous sporotrichosis or Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?
Cutaneous sporotrichosis
What is the only Protozoan diseases of the skin that we are talking about?
Leishmaniasis
What are the three types of Leishmaniasis?
- Cutaneous (MC)
- Mucocutaneous
- Visceral
What is the MC type of Leishmaniasis?
Cutaneous–> aka “Baghdad Boil”
How does the Cutaneous form of Leishmaniasis manifest?
“Baghdad Boil”–> produces large painless skin lesions
emerging disease seen in deployed military personnel
What type of Leishmaniasis creates skin lesions that enlarge to encompass mucous membranes, and is painless?
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
What is another name/nickname for Visceral Leishmaniasis?
“Kala azar”
What is the 2nd MC parasitic/protozoan killer in the world?
Visceral Leishmaniasis
What is the most dangerous type of Leishmaniasis? What is is characterized by?
Visceral Leishmaniasis
- parasite is spread by macrophages throughout body
What organism causes Leishmaniasis?
Leishmania species (L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. tropica)
What type of pathogen causes Leishmaniassis?
Protozoan
Where are Leishmaniasis endemics located?
tropics and subtropics (need sand)
What is the reservoir for Leishmaniassis? What is the vector?
Reservoir = dogs vector = sand flies
T/F. Most cases of Leishmaniasis heal without treatment.
True –looks bad, but is painless
What is the only skin ass. parasitic infestation we are focusing on?
Scabies
What pathogen causes Scabies?
the mite Sarcoptes scabiei
NOT a microbe
What skin disease is characterized by intense itching and rash of small, red, LINEAR bumps at infection site?
scabies (parasite)
With what disease may you see characteristic “burrows” or “tunnels” on the skin?
Scabies
What is the mode of transmission for scabies?
prolonged bodily contact (therefore spread in families well)
How is scabies treated?
mite-killing lotions
antihistamines for itching
