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Microbiology- Drover > Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Fungal and Protozoan > Flashcards

Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Fungal and Protozoan Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mycoses are diseases caused by what type of pathogen?

A

Fungus

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2
Q

T/F. Most mycoses are contagious

A

False–most mycoses are NOT contagious; but there are some exceptions

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3
Q

T/F. Most mycoses are opportunistic.

A

True

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4
Q

What disease has hard, black, irregular nodules on the hair shaft?

A

Black Piedra (fungal inf)

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5
Q

What is Piedra? What are the two types of Piedra?

A

irregular nodules on the hair shaft–a fungal inf.

  1. Black Piedra
  2. White Piedra
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6
Q

What organism causes Black Piedra?

A

Piedraia hortae

fungal inf.

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7
Q

What disease is characterized by soft, grayish-white irregular nodules on the hair shaft?

A

White piedra (fungal inf)

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8
Q

What organism causes white piedra?

A

Trichosporon beiglii

fungal inf.

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9
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Piedra?

A

opportunistic–often through shared hair brushes and combs

person to person contact or env. exposure

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10
Q

How is Piedra treated?

A

treated by shaving infected hair

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11
Q

What are the two superficial mycoses of the skin that we are discussing?

A
  1. Piedra (Black and White)

2. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor

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12
Q

What does Tinea mean?

A

superficial fungal inf.

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13
Q

What is characterized by hypo- or hyper-pigmented patches of scaly skin, typically on trunk, shoulders, and arms (rarely on face and neck)?

A

Pityriasis versicolor

or called Tinea versicolor

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14
Q

What organism causes Pityriasis versicolor/ TInea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

fungal inf.

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15
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Pityriasis versicolor/Tinea versiclor?

A

opportunistic pathogen

person to person or env. exposure–> some ass. with tanning beds

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16
Q

What is characteristic to how Pityriasis versicolor/Tinea versicolor is diagnosed? How is it Tx?

A

by a green color under UV light

Tx with topical or oral drugs

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17
Q

How long do the hypo- or hyper-pigmentation caused by Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor, take to return to normal?

A

takes months to return to normal

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18
Q

What is the only cutaneous mycoses infections of our focus?

A

Dermatophytoses (aka “Ringworm”)

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19
Q

What are dermatophytoses?

A

cutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes (specific grouping of fungi)

–previous called “ringworm”

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20
Q

What were Dermatophytoses previously called?

A

“ringworm”– even though NO worms are involved!!!

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21
Q

How are dermatophytoses transferred?

A

b/w people via fomites or direct contact

22
Q

What are the 5 different manifestations/diseases of Dermatophytoses?

A
  1. Tinea pedis (“athletes foot”)
  2. Tinea cruris (“jock itch”)
  3. Tinea corporis (trunk)
  4. Tinea capitis (head)
  5. Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
23
Q

What are the three genus names we should know that are responsible for dermatophytoses infections?

A
  1. Epidermophyton
  2. Microsporum
  3. Trichophyton
24
Q

What are the characteristic signs of dermatophytoses infections?

A

red raised lesions, scaly, flaky, and itchy

nails involved–> white/yellow thickening of nails

25
Q

Which disease of dermatophytosis is often most difficult to treat?

A

Tinea unguium “onychomycosis”

– under the nails

26
Q

What is the nickname for/where is it found:

  1. Tinea pedis
  2. Tinea cruris
  3. Tinea corporis
  4. Tinea capitis
  5. Tinea unguium
A
  1. athletes foot
  2. jock itch (groin)
  3. trunk
  4. head
  5. onychomycosis (nails)
27
Q

What is the only mycoses that we are discussing that requires an open wound to infect us?

A

Sporotrichosis
- Cutaneous
or
- Lymphocutaneous

aka Rose-gardener’s disease

28
Q

What are the two types of Sporotrichosis?

A
  1. Cutaneous sporotrichosis (MC)

2. Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

29
Q

What organism causes Sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

fungal inf.

30
Q

How does one typically get Sporotrichosis?

A

opportunistic pathogen
- introduced by thorn prick or wood splinters (reservoir is soil)

hence why called “rose- gardener’s disease”

31
Q

How does Cutaneous sporotrichosis manifest?

A

produces nodular lesions around the infection site

32
Q

How does Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis manifest?

A

secondary lesions occur on the skin along the course of lymphatic vessels

33
Q

Which is MC, Cutaneous sporotrichosis or Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?

A

Cutaneous sporotrichosis

34
Q

What is the only Protozoan diseases of the skin that we are talking about?

A

Leishmaniasis

35
Q

What are the three types of Leishmaniasis?

A
  1. Cutaneous (MC)
  2. Mucocutaneous
  3. Visceral
36
Q

What is the MC type of Leishmaniasis?

A

Cutaneous–> aka “Baghdad Boil”

37
Q

How does the Cutaneous form of Leishmaniasis manifest?

A

“Baghdad Boil”–> produces large painless skin lesions

emerging disease seen in deployed military personnel

38
Q

What type of Leishmaniasis creates skin lesions that enlarge to encompass mucous membranes, and is painless?

A

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

39
Q

What is another name/nickname for Visceral Leishmaniasis?

A

“Kala azar”

40
Q

What is the 2nd MC parasitic/protozoan killer in the world?

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

41
Q

What is the most dangerous type of Leishmaniasis? What is is characterized by?

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

  • parasite is spread by macrophages throughout body
42
Q

What organism causes Leishmaniasis?

A 
Leishmania species
(L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. tropica)
43
Q

What type of pathogen causes Leishmaniassis?

A

Protozoan

44
Q

Where are Leishmaniasis endemics located?

A

tropics and subtropics (need sand)

45
Q

What is the reservoir for Leishmaniassis? What is the vector?

A 
Reservoir = dogs
vector = sand flies
46
Q

T/F. Most cases of Leishmaniasis heal without treatment.

A

True –looks bad, but is painless

47
Q

What is the only skin ass. parasitic infestation we are focusing on?

A

Scabies

48
Q

What pathogen causes Scabies?

A

the mite Sarcoptes scabiei

NOT a microbe

49
Q

What skin disease is characterized by intense itching and rash of small, red, LINEAR bumps at infection site?

A

scabies (parasite)

50
Q

With what disease may you see characteristic “burrows” or “tunnels” on the skin?

A

Scabies

51
Q

What is the mode of transmission for scabies?

A

prolonged bodily contact (therefore spread in families well)

52
Q

How is scabies treated?

A

mite-killing lotions

antihistamines for itching

Microbiology- Drover (17 decks)

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