Exam 2: Thoracic Region Flashcards
1
Q
Which thoracic segments are considered typical
A
T2-T8
2
Q
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups
A
Vertebral body
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process
3
Q
What is the outline of vertebral body of typical thoracic from superior view
A
Triangular
4
Q
Name given to left side appearance of vertebral body of T5-T8
A
Aortic impression
5
Q
What is the aortic impression
A
Flattening of superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on left side of vertebral body of T5-T8 which gives the vertebral body a less indented appearance on that side
6
Q
Part of vertebral body most influence by aorta at T5-T8
A
Left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
7
Q
Height pattern of typical thoracic vertebral body
A
Posterior height is greater than anterior height by 1-2 mm
8
Q
Height pattern of IVD in typical thoracic region
A
IVDs are planar with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights
9
Q
Principal cause of posterior curve of thoracic spine
A
Vertebral body height differences
10
Q
In terms of anterior - posterior curves of vertebral column, what direction will thoracic spine face
A
Posterior
11
Q
Posterior curve pattern AKA
A
Kyphotic curve
12
Q
Joint classifications identified at vertebral body of typical thoracic
A
Fibrous syndesmosis
Cartilaginous symphysis
Synovial plane
13
Q
How many synovial joints are formed at vertebral body of typical thoracic
A
4
14
Q
How many symphysis joints are formed with vertebral body of typical thoracic
A
2
15
Q
How many joints are formed at vertebral body of typical thoracic
A
10
14 if costocentral stellate ligaments are included
16
Q
What is the name given to joint formed between vertebral body and rib
A
Costocentral joint
17
Q
How many costocentral joints are formed at vertebral body of typical thoracic
A
4
18
Q
What synovial joint surfaces are present on vertebral body of typical thoracic
A
Right and left superior and right and left inferior costal Demi-facets
19
Q
Which of the Demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger
A
Superior costal Demi-facet
20
Q
What feature will provide assistance in maintaining stability of intervertebral foramen in typical thoracics
A
Costocentral joint or ribs
21
Q
What does costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to
A
Interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the IVD
22
Q
What is the size relationship between articulating surface of head of rib and costal Demi-facet surface
A
Rib surface is greater than the costal Demi-facet surface
23
Q
Which muscle is attached to vertebral body of T2 or T3
A
Longus Colli
24
Q
What is the position and direction of pedicle from typical thoracic vertebral body
A
Pedicle arises from upper third of vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally
25
What is the angulation of the pedicle in typical thoracic region
10 to 15 degrees posterolateral from sagittal plane
26
Which X-ray used to see IVF of typical thoracic
Lateral view
27
Which vertebral notch is prominent
Inferior vertebral notch
28
What is the nerve-vertebral body relationship at typical thoracic IVF
In IVF, number of nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in vertebral column
29
What is the rib-vertebral body relationship at typical thoracic IVF
In IVF, number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in vertebral couple
30
What is the overlap of lamina called in typical thoracic region
Shingling
31
Outline of vertebral foramen in typical thoracic region
Oval to circular
32
In which plane will size of vertebral foramen of typical thoracic be greatest
Transverse plane
| Vertebral transverse diameter
33
What is the direction of transverse process in typical thoracics
Transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra
34
What is present at the tip of the transverse process of typical thoracic
Transverse tubercle
35
What is the distance between transverse tubercles in typical thoracic region
From T2 each transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior
36
What is present on the transverse tubercle of typical thoracic
Transverse costal facet
37
What is the rib-transverse process relationship for the typical thoracics
Number of rib is the same as the number of the vertebra whose transverse process is being studied
38
What is the classification of the costotransverse joint
Synovial plane
39
What are the osseous parts of costotransverse joint
Transverse costal facet
| Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
40
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic
Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse
41
Superior costotransverse Ligament of rib 5 will attach to which vertebral feature
Transverse process of T4
42
Superior costotransverse ligament of transverse process of T4 will attach to rib
5
43
Inferior costotransverse ligament of transverse process of T5 will attach to rib
5
44
Lateral costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T5 will attach to rib
5
45
What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic
```
Intertransverse
Capsular costotransverse
Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse
```
46
Which joint classification is associated with intertransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
Fibrous syndesmosis joint
47
Which muscles may attach to transverse process of typical thoracic
```
3 Longissimus
3 semispinalis
Multifidis
Rotators
Intertransversarii
Levators
```
48
Of the muscles attaching to the transverse process of typical thoracics, which ones will attach only to the T5-T8 vertebral segments
Semispinalis Thoracis
| Levator costarum longus
49
How to transverse diameters of articular processes compare in T2-T4
Superior articular process transverse diameter greater than inferior articular process transverse diameter
50
How do transverse diameters of articular processes compare in T5-T8
Superior articular process transverse diameter is same as or equal to inferior articular process transverse diameter
51
Angulation of articular facet of typical thoracic
About 10 to 20 degrees from coronal plane
| 60 degrees from horizontal plane
52
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of typical thoracic
BUL
53
What is the orientation of inferior articular facet of typical thoracic
ForMeD
54
What is the curvature of Superior articular facet of typical thoracic
Slightly convex
55
What is the curvature of inferior articular facet of typical thoracic
Slightly concave
56
What is the joint classification of articular facet joint
Synovial plane
57
How many synovial joints are present at typical thoracic
10
58
Identify synovial joint surfaces present on typical thoracic
```
2 Superior costal Demi-facets
2 Inferior costal Demi-facets
2 transverse costal facets
2 superior articular facets
2 Inferior articular facets
```
59
What is the pars interarticularis
Region between superior and inferior articular processes
60
What is the name given to overlap of spinous processes in thoracic region
Imbrication
61
Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of thoracics
T5-T8
62
Which thoracic has the longest spinous process
T8
63
What is the angulation of spinous process of T2-T4
Undersurface of T2-T4 spinous process will angle up to 40 degrees from the horizontal plane
64
What is the angulation of spinous process of T5-T8
Undersurface will angle up to 60 degrees from horizontal plane
65
What ligaments attach to spinous process of typical thoracic
Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments
66
What joint classification is associated with typical thoracic spinous process ligaments
Fibrous syndesmosis joint
67
Which muscles attaching to spinous process of typical thoracic are not included in any muscle layer of true back
Splenius Cervicis
Splenius capitis
Interspinalis
68
What joint classifications are present at every typical thoracic vertebra
Fibrous syndesmosis
Cartilaginous symphysis
Synovial plane
69
Fibrous syndesmosis joint will occur at what parts of typical thoracic vertebra
Vertebral body
Lamina
Transverse process
Spinous process
70
At what parts of typical thoracic vertebra will synovial plane joint be observed
Vertebral body
Transverse process
Articular process
71
What is the appearance of superior surface of vertebral body of T1
Somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at posterior and lateral margin
72
What may the elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent
Uncinate processes
73
What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1
Typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of cervicals
74
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1
4
75
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T1
2
76
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at vertebral body of T1
4
| 8 if rib articulation is included
77
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1
4
78
How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1
4
79
What synovial joint surfaces are present on the T1 vertebral body
Right and left superior costal facet
| Right and left inferior costal demi-facet
80
What is the rib-vertebral body combination at the IVF for the 8th cervical nerve
Superior costal facet of T1 will join with articular surface of the head of the first rib
81
What ligament supports the costocentral joint of the first rib
Costocentral stellate ligament
82
What ligaments support the costocentral joint of the 2nd rib
Costocentral stellate Ligament and costocentral interarticular ligament
83
Costocentral stellate ligament will attach to which segments at C8 spinal nerve IVF
Vertebral body of C7 and vertebral body of T1
84
Which muscle is attached to vertebral body of T1
Longus colli
85
Which spinal nerve-vertebral notch is present at T1
C8 spinal nerve- superior vertebral notch of T1
| T1 spinal nerve- inferior vertebral notch of T1
86
What ligaments support costotransverse joint of T1
Inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
87
What ligament is absent at costotransverse joint of T1
Superior costotransverse ligament
88
What ligaments attach to transverse process of T1
```
Intertransverse
Capsular costotransverse
Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse
```
89
Which costotransverse joint will superior costotransverse ligament of T1 support?
Second rib costotransverse joint
90
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1
BUL
91
What is the orientation of the inferior articular face of T1
ForMeD
92
What is the curvature of superior articular facet of T1
Slightly convex
93
What is the curvature of Inferior articular facet of T1
Slightly concave
94
How many synovial joints are present at T1
10
95
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present at T1
6
96
Name used to ID topographical landmark at base of the neck
Vertebral prominence
97
Which vertebrae have been ID’ed as forming vertebral prominence
C6, C7, T1
98
What is the gender bias associated with T1 as the vertebral prominence
Males (9%) are more likely than females (6%)
99
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at vertebral body of T9
Typically 4
| 8 if costocentral stellate ligaments included
100
How many joints are typically formed at vertebral body of T9
Typically 10
| 14 if costocentral stellate ligaments included
101
How many costocentral joints are typically formed at vertebral body of T9
4
102
Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from vertebral body of T9
Inferior costal Demi-facets
103
What is present on transverse tubercle of T9
Transverse costal facet
104
What ligaments attach to transverse process of T9
```
Intertransverse
Capsular costotransverse
Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse
```
105
Which costotransverse joint will superior costotransverse ligament of T9 support
10th rib costotransverse joint
106
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are typically present on T9
6
107
Which rib related facet may be absent on T9
Inferior costal Demi-facet
108
What is the last thoracic vertebra to have an inferior costal Demi-facet
T9
109
What is the length of the spinous process of T9
It will shorten significantly from the long spinous process of T8
110
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T9
```
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Multifidis
Rotator longus
Rotator brevis
Interspinalis
```
111
Which muscles are conspicuously absent at T9 spinous process
Spinalis and semispinalis
112
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of t10
2
113
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T10
2
114
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10
Typically 8
| 12 if costocentral stellate ligaments are included
115
How many costocentral joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10
2
116
What synovial joint surfaces are present on vertebral body of T10
Right and left superior costal facet
117
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10
Inferior costal Demi-facets
118
What is the rib-vertebral body combination is typically present at the IVF for the 10th thoracic nerve
Superior costal facet of T11 will join with the articular surface of the head of the 11th rib
119
Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of spine
T10
120
What part of the transverse process may be absent on T10
Transverse costal facet
121
The superior costotransverse ligament of T10 will attach to which rib
11th
122
How many synovial joints are typically present at T10
8
123
Which rib related facet is absent on T10
Inferior costal Demi-facet
124
A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment
T10
125
What name is given to T11
Anticlinal vertebra
126
Which vertebral segment is the first to have a reniform vertebral body
T11
127
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T11
2
128
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T11
Typically 8
| 12 if the costocentral stellate ligaments are included
129
What part of the transverse process is absent present on T11
Transverse costal facet
130
Which vertebra is the last segment to demonstrate a transverse costal facet
T10
131
What ligaments form costotransverse joint of T11
Superior costotransverse
| Slightly developed inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
132
Which costotransverse joint will the superior costotransverse ligament at the transverse process of T11 support
12th rib costotransverse joint
133
The inferior costotransverse ligament of T11 will attach to which rib
11th rib
134
The lateral costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T11 attaches to which rib
11th rib
135
Which costotransverse ligaments are absent at T11
Capsular costotransverse Ligament
136
Which levator costarum muscle is absent at T11
Levator costarum longus
137
Which segment is the last to demonstrate an attachment for the levator costarum longus
T10
138
What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T11
BUL
139
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T11
ForMeD
140
How many synovial joints are typically present at T11
6
141
ID synovial joint surfaces typically present on T11
2 Superior costal facets
2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets
142
At which segments of the thoracic spine will the spinalis muscle not attach
T9
| T10
143
Which erector spinae muscle uniquely attaches to the spinous process of T11
Iliocostalis lumborum
144
How many synovial joints are formed at vertebral body of T12
Two
145
How many symphysis joints formed at vertebral body of T12
Two
146
How many syndesmosis joints formed at vertebral body of T12
Typically 4
Could be 6 if costocentral /radiate are included
147
How many joints are typically formed at vertebral body of T12
Typically 8
| 10 if costocentral stellate/radiate ligs included
148
What muscle(s) attach to vertebral body of T12
Psoas major and psoas minor
149
What is present transverse process of T12
Three tubercles of variable size
150
Which tubercle on T12 represents transverse process
Lateral tubercle
151
Which tubercle on T12 represents mammillary process of lumbars
Superior tubercle
152
Which tubercle on T12 represents accessory process of lumbars
Inferior tubercle
153
What ligaments form costotransverse joint of 12th rib
Superior costotransverse ligament from T11
Lumbocostal ligament from L1
154
Which costotransverse ligaments attach to T12
None
155
Which rib-associated muscle is absent at transverse process region T12
Levator costarum
156
Which segment is last to demonstrate levator costarum brevis attachment
T11
157
Which segment is last to demonstrate levator costarum longus attachment
T10
158
Orientation of superior articular facets of T12
Backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
159
Orientation of inferior articular facets of T12
Forward, downward and lateral (FoLD)
160
Curvature of inferior articular facets of T12
Significantly convex
161
How many synovial joints are typically present at T12
6
162
Synovial joint surfaces typically present on T12
2 superior costal facets, 2 superior articular facets, 2 inferior articular facets
163
Generic appearance of spinous process of T12
Lumbar-like, similar in length to T11
164
What ligs attach to spinous process of T12
Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments
165
Which segments of thoracic spine will spinalis muscle not attach
T9, T10
166
Which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to T12 spinous
Iliocostalis lumborum
167
Which muscles attaching to spinous process of T12 are not included in any muscle layer of true back
Interspinalis
168
Joint classifications present at T12
Fibrous syndesmosis
Cartilaginous symphysis
Synovial arthrodia
169
Which muscles attach to vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae
Longus colli
Psoas major
Psoas minor
170
Which thoracic segments have muscles attaching to their vertebral bodies
T1-3, T12
171
Which erector spinae muscle will attach along length of thoracic spine
Longissimus
172
Which thoracic is last to demonstrate attachment at transverse process for semispinalis muscle group
T12
173
Thoracic first to demonstrate attachment of levator costarum brevis
T1
174
Thoracic last to demostrate attachment of levator costarum brevis
T11
175
Thoracic first to demonstrate attachment of levator costarum longus
T7
176
Thoracic last to demonstrate attachment of levator costarum longus
T10
177
Rhomboid minor will attach to spinous process of which thoracics
T1 ONLY
178
Rhomboid major will attach to spinous process of which thoracic
T2-5
179
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate spinous process attachment for serratus posterior superior
T1-3
180
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate spinous process attachment for serratus posterior inferior
T11-12
181
Which thoracics demonstrate spinous process attachment for splenius muscles
T1-6
182
Which thoracics demonstrate spinous process attachment for iliocostalis lumborum
T11-12
183
Which thoracics lack any spinalis muscle group attachment on their spinous process
T9-10
