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Spinal > Exam 2: Thoracic Region > Flashcards

Exam 2: Thoracic Region Flashcards

1
Q

Which thoracic segments are considered typical

A

T2-T8

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2
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups

A

Vertebral body
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process

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3
Q

What is the outline of vertebral body of typical thoracic from superior view

A

Triangular

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4
Q

Name given to left side appearance of vertebral body of T5-T8

A

Aortic impression

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5
Q

What is the aortic impression

A

Flattening of superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on left side of vertebral body of T5-T8 which gives the vertebral body a less indented appearance on that side

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6
Q

Part of vertebral body most influence by aorta at T5-T8

A

Left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

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7
Q

Height pattern of typical thoracic vertebral body

A

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by 1-2 mm

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8
Q

Height pattern of IVD in typical thoracic region

A

IVDs are planar with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights

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9
Q

Principal cause of posterior curve of thoracic spine

A

Vertebral body height differences

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10
Q

In terms of anterior - posterior curves of vertebral column, what direction will thoracic spine face

A

Posterior

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11
Q

Posterior curve pattern AKA

A

Kyphotic curve

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12
Q

Joint classifications identified at vertebral body of typical thoracic

A

Fibrous syndesmosis
Cartilaginous symphysis
Synovial plane

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13
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at vertebral body of typical thoracic

A

4

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14
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with vertebral body of typical thoracic

A

2

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15
Q

How many joints are formed at vertebral body of typical thoracic

A

10

14 if costocentral stellate ligaments are included

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16
Q

What is the name given to joint formed between vertebral body and rib

A

Costocentral joint

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17
Q

How many costocentral joints are formed at vertebral body of typical thoracic

A

4

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18
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on vertebral body of typical thoracic

A

Right and left superior and right and left inferior costal Demi-facets

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19
Q

Which of the Demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger

A

Superior costal Demi-facet

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20
Q

What feature will provide assistance in maintaining stability of intervertebral foramen in typical thoracics

A

Costocentral joint or ribs

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21
Q

What does costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to

A

Interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the IVD

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22
Q

What is the size relationship between articulating surface of head of rib and costal Demi-facet surface

A

Rib surface is greater than the costal Demi-facet surface

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23
Q

Which muscle is attached to vertebral body of T2 or T3

A

Longus Colli

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24
Q

What is the position and direction of pedicle from typical thoracic vertebral body

A

Pedicle arises from upper third of vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally

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25
Q

What is the angulation of the pedicle in typical thoracic region

A

10 to 15 degrees posterolateral from sagittal plane

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26
Q

Which X-ray used to see IVF of typical thoracic

A

Lateral view

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27
Q

Which vertebral notch is prominent

A

Inferior vertebral notch

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28
Q

What is the nerve-vertebral body relationship at typical thoracic IVF

A

In IVF, number of nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in vertebral column

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29
Q

What is the rib-vertebral body relationship at typical thoracic IVF

A

In IVF, number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in vertebral couple

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30
Q

What is the overlap of lamina called in typical thoracic region

A

Shingling

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31
Q

Outline of vertebral foramen in typical thoracic region

A

Oval to circular

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32
Q

In which plane will size of vertebral foramen of typical thoracic be greatest

A

Transverse plane

Vertebral transverse diameter

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33
Q

What is the direction of transverse process in typical thoracics

A

Transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra

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34
Q

What is present at the tip of the transverse process of typical thoracic

A

Transverse tubercle

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35
Q

What is the distance between transverse tubercles in typical thoracic region

A

From T2 each transverse diameter becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior

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36
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of typical thoracic

A

Transverse costal facet

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37
Q

What is the rib-transverse process relationship for the typical thoracics

A

Number of rib is the same as the number of the vertebra whose transverse process is being studied

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38
Q

What is the classification of the costotransverse joint

A

Synovial plane

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39
Q

What are the osseous parts of costotransverse joint

A

Transverse costal facet

Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

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40
Q

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic

A

Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse

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41
Q

Superior costotransverse Ligament of rib 5 will attach to which vertebral feature

A

Transverse process of T4

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42
Q

Superior costotransverse ligament of transverse process of T4 will attach to rib

A

5

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43
Q

Inferior costotransverse ligament of transverse process of T5 will attach to rib

A

5

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44
Q

Lateral costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T5 will attach to rib

A

5

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45
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic

A 
Intertransverse 
Capsular costotransverse 
Superior costotransverse 
Inferior costotransverse 
Lateral costotransverse
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46
Q

Which joint classification is associated with intertransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

A

Fibrous syndesmosis joint

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47
Q

Which muscles may attach to transverse process of typical thoracic

A 
3 Longissimus 
3 semispinalis 
Multifidis 
Rotators
Intertransversarii 
Levators
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48
Q

Of the muscles attaching to the transverse process of typical thoracics, which ones will attach only to the T5-T8 vertebral segments

A

Semispinalis Thoracis

Levator costarum longus

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49
Q

How to transverse diameters of articular processes compare in T2-T4

A

Superior articular process transverse diameter greater than inferior articular process transverse diameter

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50
Q

How do transverse diameters of articular processes compare in T5-T8

A

Superior articular process transverse diameter is same as or equal to inferior articular process transverse diameter

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51
Q

Angulation of articular facet of typical thoracic

A

About 10 to 20 degrees from coronal plane

60 degrees from horizontal plane

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52
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of typical thoracic

A

BUL

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53
Q

What is the orientation of inferior articular facet of typical thoracic

A

ForMeD

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54
Q

What is the curvature of Superior articular facet of typical thoracic

A

Slightly convex

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55
Q

What is the curvature of inferior articular facet of typical thoracic

A

Slightly concave

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56
Q

What is the joint classification of articular facet joint

A

Synovial plane

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57
Q

How many synovial joints are present at typical thoracic

A

10

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58
Q

Identify synovial joint surfaces present on typical thoracic

A 
2 Superior costal Demi-facets 
2 Inferior costal Demi-facets 
2 transverse costal facets 
2 superior articular facets 
2 Inferior articular facets
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59
Q

What is the pars interarticularis

A

Region between superior and inferior articular processes

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60
Q

What is the name given to overlap of spinous processes in thoracic region

A

Imbrication

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61
Q

Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of thoracics

A

T5-T8

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62
Q

Which thoracic has the longest spinous process

A

T8

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63
Q

What is the angulation of spinous process of T2-T4

A

Undersurface of T2-T4 spinous process will angle up to 40 degrees from the horizontal plane

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64
Q

What is the angulation of spinous process of T5-T8

A

Undersurface will angle up to 60 degrees from horizontal plane

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65
Q

What ligaments attach to spinous process of typical thoracic

A

Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

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66
Q

What joint classification is associated with typical thoracic spinous process ligaments

A

Fibrous syndesmosis joint

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67
Q

Which muscles attaching to spinous process of typical thoracic are not included in any muscle layer of true back

A

Splenius Cervicis
Splenius capitis
Interspinalis

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68
Q

What joint classifications are present at every typical thoracic vertebra

A

Fibrous syndesmosis
Cartilaginous symphysis
Synovial plane

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69
Q

Fibrous syndesmosis joint will occur at what parts of typical thoracic vertebra

A

Vertebral body
Lamina
Transverse process
Spinous process

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70
Q

At what parts of typical thoracic vertebra will synovial plane joint be observed

A

Vertebral body
Transverse process
Articular process

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71
Q

What is the appearance of superior surface of vertebral body of T1

A

Somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at posterior and lateral margin

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72
Q

What may the elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent

A

Uncinate processes

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73
Q

What is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1

A

Typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of cervicals

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74
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

4

75
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T1

A

2

76
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at vertebral body of T1

A

4

8 if rib articulation is included

77
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

4

78
Q

How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

4

79
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the T1 vertebral body

A

Right and left superior costal facet

Right and left inferior costal demi-facet

80
Q

What is the rib-vertebral body combination at the IVF for the 8th cervical nerve

A

Superior costal facet of T1 will join with articular surface of the head of the first rib

81
Q

What ligament supports the costocentral joint of the first rib

A

Costocentral stellate ligament

82
Q

What ligaments support the costocentral joint of the 2nd rib

A

Costocentral stellate Ligament and costocentral interarticular ligament

83
Q

Costocentral stellate ligament will attach to which segments at C8 spinal nerve IVF

A

Vertebral body of C7 and vertebral body of T1

84
Q

Which muscle is attached to vertebral body of T1

A

Longus colli

85
Q

Which spinal nerve-vertebral notch is present at T1

A

C8 spinal nerve- superior vertebral notch of T1

T1 spinal nerve- inferior vertebral notch of T1

86
Q

What ligaments support costotransverse joint of T1

A

Inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

87
Q

What ligament is absent at costotransverse joint of T1

A

Superior costotransverse ligament

88
Q

What ligaments attach to transverse process of T1

A 
Intertransverse
Capsular costotransverse 
Superior costotransverse 
Inferior costotransverse 
Lateral costotransverse
89
Q

Which costotransverse joint will superior costotransverse ligament of T1 support?

A

Second rib costotransverse joint

90
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1

A

BUL

91
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular face of T1

A

ForMeD

92
Q

What is the curvature of superior articular facet of T1

A

Slightly convex

93
Q

What is the curvature of Inferior articular facet of T1

A

Slightly concave

94
Q

How many synovial joints are present at T1

A

10

95
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present at T1

A

6

96
Q

Name used to ID topographical landmark at base of the neck

A

Vertebral prominence

97
Q

Which vertebrae have been ID’ed as forming vertebral prominence

A

C6, C7, T1

98
Q

What is the gender bias associated with T1 as the vertebral prominence

A

Males (9%) are more likely than females (6%)

99
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at vertebral body of T9

A

Typically 4

8 if costocentral stellate ligaments included

100
Q

How many joints are typically formed at vertebral body of T9

A

Typically 10

14 if costocentral stellate ligaments included

101
Q

How many costocentral joints are typically formed at vertebral body of T9

A

4

102
Q

Which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from vertebral body of T9

A

Inferior costal Demi-facets

103
Q

What is present on transverse tubercle of T9

A

Transverse costal facet

104
Q

What ligaments attach to transverse process of T9

A 
Intertransverse
Capsular costotransverse 
Superior costotransverse 
Inferior costotransverse 
Lateral costotransverse
105
Q

Which costotransverse joint will superior costotransverse ligament of T9 support

A

10th rib costotransverse joint

106
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are typically present on T9

A

6

107
Q

Which rib related facet may be absent on T9

A

Inferior costal Demi-facet

108
Q

What is the last thoracic vertebra to have an inferior costal Demi-facet

A

T9

109
Q

What is the length of the spinous process of T9

A

It will shorten significantly from the long spinous process of T8

110
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T9

A 
Trapezius 
Latissimus dorsi 
Multifidis 
Rotator longus 
Rotator brevis 
Interspinalis
111
Q

Which muscles are conspicuously absent at T9 spinous process

A

Spinalis and semispinalis

112
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of t10

A

2

113
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T10

A

2

114
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10

A

Typically 8

12 if costocentral stellate ligaments are included

115
Q

How many costocentral joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10

A

2

116
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on vertebral body of T10

A

Right and left superior costal facet

117
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10

A

Inferior costal Demi-facets

118
Q

What is the rib-vertebral body combination is typically present at the IVF for the 10th thoracic nerve

A

Superior costal facet of T11 will join with the articular surface of the head of the 11th rib

119
Q

Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of spine

A

T10

120
Q

What part of the transverse process may be absent on T10

A

Transverse costal facet

121
Q

The superior costotransverse ligament of T10 will attach to which rib

A

11th

122
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T10

A

8

123
Q

Which rib related facet is absent on T10

A

Inferior costal Demi-facet

124
Q

A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment

A

T10

125
Q

What name is given to T11

A

Anticlinal vertebra

126
Q

Which vertebral segment is the first to have a reniform vertebral body

A

T11

127
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T11

A

2

128
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T11

A

Typically 8

12 if the costocentral stellate ligaments are included

129
Q

What part of the transverse process is absent present on T11

A

Transverse costal facet

130
Q

Which vertebra is the last segment to demonstrate a transverse costal facet

A

T10

131
Q

What ligaments form costotransverse joint of T11

A

Superior costotransverse

Slightly developed inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

132
Q

Which costotransverse joint will the superior costotransverse ligament at the transverse process of T11 support

A

12th rib costotransverse joint

133
Q

The inferior costotransverse ligament of T11 will attach to which rib

A

11th rib

134
Q

The lateral costotransverse ligament of the transverse process of T11 attaches to which rib

A

11th rib

135
Q

Which costotransverse ligaments are absent at T11

A

Capsular costotransverse Ligament

136
Q

Which levator costarum muscle is absent at T11

A

Levator costarum longus

137
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate an attachment for the levator costarum longus

A

T10

138
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T11

A

BUL

139
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T11

A

ForMeD

140
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T11

A

6

141
Q

ID synovial joint surfaces typically present on T11

A

2 Superior costal facets
2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets

142
Q

At which segments of the thoracic spine will the spinalis muscle not attach

A

T9

T10

143
Q

Which erector spinae muscle uniquely attaches to the spinous process of T11

A

Iliocostalis lumborum

144
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at vertebral body of T12

A

Two

145
Q

How many symphysis joints formed at vertebral body of T12

A

Two

146
Q

How many syndesmosis joints formed at vertebral body of T12

A

Typically 4

Could be 6 if costocentral /radiate are included

147
Q

How many joints are typically formed at vertebral body of T12

A

Typically 8

10 if costocentral stellate/radiate ligs included

148
Q

What muscle(s) attach to vertebral body of T12

A

Psoas major and psoas minor

149
Q

What is present transverse process of T12

A

Three tubercles of variable size

150
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents transverse process

A

Lateral tubercle

151
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents mammillary process of lumbars

A

Superior tubercle

152
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents accessory process of lumbars

A

Inferior tubercle

153
Q

What ligaments form costotransverse joint of 12th rib

A

Superior costotransverse ligament from T11

Lumbocostal ligament from L1

154
Q

Which costotransverse ligaments attach to T12

A

None

155
Q

Which rib-associated muscle is absent at transverse process region T12

A

Levator costarum

156
Q

Which segment is last to demonstrate levator costarum brevis attachment

A

T11

157
Q

Which segment is last to demonstrate levator costarum longus attachment

A

T10

158
Q

Orientation of superior articular facets of T12

A

Backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

159
Q

Orientation of inferior articular facets of T12

A

Forward, downward and lateral (FoLD)

160
Q

Curvature of inferior articular facets of T12

A

Significantly convex

161
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T12

A

6

162
Q

Synovial joint surfaces typically present on T12

A

2 superior costal facets, 2 superior articular facets, 2 inferior articular facets

163
Q

Generic appearance of spinous process of T12

A

Lumbar-like, similar in length to T11

164
Q

What ligs attach to spinous process of T12

A

Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

165
Q

Which segments of thoracic spine will spinalis muscle not attach

A

T9, T10

166
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to T12 spinous

A

Iliocostalis lumborum

167
Q

Which muscles attaching to spinous process of T12 are not included in any muscle layer of true back

A

Interspinalis

168
Q

Joint classifications present at T12

A

Fibrous syndesmosis
Cartilaginous symphysis
Synovial arthrodia

169
Q

Which muscles attach to vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae

A

Longus colli
Psoas major
Psoas minor

170
Q

Which thoracic segments have muscles attaching to their vertebral bodies

A

T1-3, T12

171
Q

Which erector spinae muscle will attach along length of thoracic spine

A

Longissimus

172
Q

Which thoracic is last to demonstrate attachment at transverse process for semispinalis muscle group

A

T12

173
Q

Thoracic first to demonstrate attachment of levator costarum brevis

A

T1

174
Q

Thoracic last to demostrate attachment of levator costarum brevis

A

T11

175
Q

Thoracic first to demonstrate attachment of levator costarum longus

A

T7

176
Q

Thoracic last to demonstrate attachment of levator costarum longus

A

T10

177
Q

Rhomboid minor will attach to spinous process of which thoracics

A

T1 ONLY

178
Q

Rhomboid major will attach to spinous process of which thoracic

A

T2-5

179
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate spinous process attachment for serratus posterior superior

A

T1-3

180
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate spinous process attachment for serratus posterior inferior

A

T11-12

181
Q

Which thoracics demonstrate spinous process attachment for splenius muscles

A

T1-6

182
Q

Which thoracics demonstrate spinous process attachment for iliocostalis lumborum

A

T11-12

183
Q

Which thoracics lack any spinalis muscle group attachment on their spinous process

A

T9-10

Spinal (27 decks)

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