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Spinal > Exam 2: Lumbar > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

Generic shape of typical lumbar vertebral body from cranial view

A

Reniform

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2
Q

What accounts for direction of lumbar curve

A

Vertebral body and intervertebral disc

Greater A than P height

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3
Q

What is direction of normal lumbar curve

A

Anterior (lordotic)

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4
Q

Effect of aging on vertebral body of a lumbar vertebrae

A

Decrease in height, increase in circumference

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5
Q

How many synovial joints surfaces present on typical lumbar vertebral body

A

None

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6
Q

How many joint surfaces present on vertebral body of typical lumbar

A

6

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7
Q

How many cartilaginous symphysis joint surfaces are on typical lumbar

A

2

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8
Q

How many fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces on typical lumbar vertebral body

A

4

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9
Q

Joint classifications observed at vertebral body of typical lumbar

A

Cartilaginous symphysis

Fibrous syndesmosis

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10
Q

What muscles attach to typical lumbar vertebral body

A

Psoas major and psoas minor

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11
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to vertebral body of which segments

A

T12, L1

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12
Q

Name given to ligaments that attach vertebral body to articular process

A

Transforaminal ligaments

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13
Q

Types of transforaminal ligements

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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14
Q

What ligaments attach vertebral body to transverse process

A

Corporotransverse ligements

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15
Q

What corporotransverse ligaments are identified

A

Superior and inferior

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16
Q

Types of Hofmann ligaments

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Proximal root sleeve

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17
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along vertebral column

A

Cervical — upper thoracic

Lumbar

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18
Q

Cervical — upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

Dura mater to segments above

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19
Q

Highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments

A

C6

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20
Q

Proposed function of cervical — upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments

A

Resist caudal movement of dural sac

Resist gravitational forces on dura and cord

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21
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments attach what structures together

A

Dura mater to lower segmental levels

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22
Q

Proposed function of lumbar Hofmann ligaments

A

Resist cranial movement of dural sac during flexion

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23
Q

Proposed function of proximal root sleeve ligament

A

Resist displacement of peripheral nerve system in IVF

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24
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate spinal tap in this region

A

Overlap of lamina (shingling) and overlap of spinous processes (imbrication) diminish

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25
What part of central nerve system is present in lumbar spine
Conus medullaris typically present in vertebral foramen of L1
26
Part of peripheral nerve system present in lumbar spine
Cauda equina typically present in vertebral foramina of L2-L4
27
Generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process
Each is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-3; L4 starts to decrease in length
28
Name of elevation near origin of lumbar transverse process
Accessory process
29
Congenital elongation of lumbar accessory process results in what feature
Styloid process
30
Congenital elongation of lumbar accessory process occurs with what frequency
7%
31
What bony part of cervical transverse process is lacking at lumbar transverse process
Costotransverse bar
32
What ligaments will attach to lumbar accessory process
Mammillo-accessory ligament
33
What parts of vertebra are attached via mammillo-accessory ligament
Mammillary process and accessory process of SAME segment
34
What was believed to be entrapped by mammillo-accessory ligament
Medial branch of dorsal ramus of lumbar spinal nerve
35
What muscles attach to lumbar accessory process
Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii
36
Ligament attaches 12th rib to transverse process of L1
Lumbocostal ligament
37
Which transversospinalis muscle group attaches to typical lumbar transverse process
Rotators
38
Ligaments attach to transverse process of typical lumbar vertebra
Lumbocostal Mammillo-accessory Intertransverse
39
Posterior elements of the vertebra
Zygapophysis Lamina Spinous process
40
Anterior elements of the vertebra
Vertebral body and pedicle
41
Orientation of typical lumbar superior articular facet
Backward, upward, medial (BUM) | Typically concave
42
Orientation of typical lumbar inferior articular facet
Forward, lateral downward (FoLD) | Convex
43
Name given to projection on lumbar superior articular process
Mammillary process
44
Muscles attach to mammillary process
Multifidis and intertransversarii
45
Ligament attaches to lumbar mammillary process and accessory process
Mammillo-accessory lig
46
What was believed to be entrapped by mammillo-accessory lig
Medial branch of dorsal ramus of lumbar spinal nerve
47
Additional ligaments said to attach to lumbar articular processes
Transforaminal ligs
48
How many synovial joints present on typical lumbar
4
49
Position of lumbar zygapophysis in children
Coronal plane
50
Position of lumbar zygapophysis in adults
L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4 in sagittal plane | L4/L5, L5/S1 in coronal plane
51
Names given to condition where one zygapophysis of a couple lies in coronal plane and other in sagittal plane
Joint asymmetry or joint tropism
52
Names of condition in which typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to aging
Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”
53
Baastrup’s syndrome
Elongation of lumbar spinous process | Result of aging
54
Appearance of 5th lumbar vertebral body from lateral view
Anterior height greater than posterior height (several mm) Appears to form a wedge
55
How many synovial joint surfaces present at 5th lumbar vertebral body
None
56
How many fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces present on L5 vertebral body
4
57
How many joint surfaces present on vertebral body of 5th lumbar
6
58
How many cartilaginous symphysis joint surfaces present on body of L5
2
59
Joint classifications observed on body of L5
Cartilaginous symphysis | Fibrous syndesmosis
60
Muscle attach to 5th lumbar body
Psoas major
61
Name given to ligs that attach body to articular process
Transforaminal ligaments
62
Ligaments attach the body to transverse process
Corporotransverse ligaments
63
Types of Hofmann ligaments
Anterior Posterior Lateral Proximal root
64
Characteristic of L1-4 pedicle used to differentiate it from L5
Lateral surface of pedicle is apparent on L1-4 | L5= transverse originates from body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle junction
65
What accounts for shortness of L5 transverse process
Hip/innominate bones diminish the available space
66
Muscles that attach to 5th lumbar accessory process
Longissimus thoracic
67
Ligaments attach to transverse process of 5th lumbar
Lumbosacral Iliolumbar Mammillo-accessory
68
Reported angulation and X-ray appearance of 5th lumbar articular facets
Vertical plane, coronal facets
69
Orientation of 5th lumbar superior articular facet
Backward, upward, medial (BUM) | Concave
70
Orientation of 5th lumbar inferior articular facet
Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD) | Convex
71
Muscles attach to mammillary process of L5
Multifidis and intertransversarii
72
Names of condition in which L5 spinous process increases in length due to aging
Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”
73
Name given to congenital condition in which L5 spinous process is elongated, sacrum exhibits spina bifida and dorsiflexion produces pain
Knife clasp syndrome
74
Synovial joints of each lumbar
4 each
75
Joints observes at each lumbar body
6 each
76
Superior articular facet orientation at each lumbar
BUM
77
Inferior articular facet orientation at each lumbar
FoLD

Spinal (27 decks)

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