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Spinal > Exam 1: Bone surfaces > Flashcards

Exam 1: Bone surfaces Flashcards

1
Q

Linear surface elevations

A

Line, ridge,crest

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2
Q

Line

A

The slightest height. Ex: transverse lines of the sternum

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3
Q

Ridge

A

A slightly higher linear elevation often roughened

Ex: the transverse rides of the sacrum

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4
Q

Crest

A

The highest of the linear elevations, usually sharp and thin

Ex: median, intermediate, and lateral sacral crests

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5
Q

Rounded surface elevations

A

Tubercle, protuberance, trochanter, tuber/tuberosity, malleolus

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6
Q

Tubercle

A

A small, raised elevation both in terms of height and base usually associated with attachment sites for ligaments or tendons.
Ex: superior, inferior, and lateral tubercles of T12

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7
Q

Protuberance

A

A swelling or knob with a larger base forms this larger rounded eminence.
Ex: the mentalprotuberance of the mandible and the external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone

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8
Q

Trochanter

A

A large, blunt projection with a significant base and height.
Ex: the lesser and greater trochanter of the femur

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9
Q

Tuber/tuberosity

A

A large, roughened yet rounded projection with a significant base although the height is extremely variable.
Ex: the frontal tuber of the frontal bone, the tuberosity for the serrated anterior muscle a on the second rib, the sacral tuberosity of S2

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10
Q

Malleolus

A

A hammerhead-like elevation.

Ex: the medial malleolus and lateral malleolus of the tibia and fibula

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11
Q

Sharp surface elevations

A

spine and process

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12
Q

Process

A

A relatively sharp, bony prominence with an increased length.
Ex: the mastoid process and style I’d process of the temporal bone; th spinous process , transverse process, and articulate process of the vertebrae and the xiphoid process of the sternum

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13
Q

Depressions

A

Features that indent the surface of the bone

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14
Q

Linear surface depressions

A

Follow some linear axis along the bone. Notch/incisure, groove, and sulcus

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15
Q

Notch/ incisure

A

A short indentation of variable depth

Ex: the superior vertebral notch/incisure and inferior vertebral notch/ incisure on the pedicle of vertebrae

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16
Q

Groove

A

A long furrow of variable depth
Ex: the groove for the superior petrosal sinus, groove for the greater petrosal nerve and the mastoid groove of the temporal bone

17
Q

Sulcus

A

A wide groove of variable length and depth. Frequently interchanged with groove for specific features
Ex: the sulcus for the vertebral artery of C1

18
Q

Round surface depressions

A

Fovea and fossa

19
Q

Fovea

A

A shallow depression of variable circumference.

Ex: the fovea dentis of C1 and the pterygoid fovea of the mandible

20
Q

Fossa

A

A deeper depression of variable circumference.

Ex: the lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone and the mandibulaar or glenoid fossa of the temporal bone

21
Q

Ostium/ orifice

A

A rounded opening of a tunnel/passageway in a bone

22
Q

Hiatus

A

An irregular opening of aa tunnel/passageway in bone

23
Q

Tunnels/ passageway types

A

Foramen, canal, meatus, fissure

24
Q

Foramen

A

A hole, which completely penetrates the bone at that location; typically associated with an area of thin bone or a short distance.
Ex: the foramen vale off the sphenoid bone, the jugular foramenof the temporal and occipital bones, and the basivertebral venous foramen of the vertebrae

25
Q

Canal

A

A passageway with length; typically associated with the thicker part of a bone
Ex: Vivian canal of the sphenoid bone, carotid canal of the temporal bone, and the infraorbital canal of the maxilla

26
Q

Meatus

A

A blind-ended passageway

Ex: the internal acoustic meatus and external acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

27
Q

Fissures

A

Openings of variable lengths; made up of multiple bones

Ex: the inferior orbital fissure is formed at the junction of the palatine, maxilla, sphenoid andzygomatic bones

28
Q

Facets

A

Areas of articulation with adjacent bones

29
Q

Flat facets

A

The surface appearance is typically planar or flat, some slightly curved facets are also recognized
Ex: the articulate facets of the thoracic vertebra are relatively flat; the articulate facets of the lumbar vertebrae relatively cured in a concave-convex format

30
Q

Rounded facets

A

Head and condyle

31
Q

Head

A

A bulbous rounded extremity that directly makes contact with aa reciprocate articulate surface.
Ex: the head of the femur.

32
Q

Condyle

A

A knuckle-shaped surface for articulation

Ex: the occipital condyle off the occipital bone, the medial and lateral condyle of the femur.

33
Q

Spine

A

A thorn-like projection

Ex: the ischial spine of the innominate bone

Spinal (27 decks)

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