Curvatures Of Vertebral Column Flashcards
What infant activities are associated with the development of lumbar curve
Crawling and walking
What happens within the IVD to facilitate lumbar curve development
Nucleus pulposus of L4 will shift its position within annulus fibrosis
Which sense is requirement for holding head erect, standing, sitting, and walking
Vision
What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity
Females have greater convexity of lumbar curve
What is formation of lateral curve correlated with
Faster development of muscles on side of handedness
What is the time of appearance of lateral curves
6 years
Locations of lateral curves recognized
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar
What lateral curves are best developed
Thoracic and lumbar
What is relationship between curve direction and handedness
Right handed person has a high probability for right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination
What is incidence of right thoracic, left lumbar curve combo in population
80%
What does “osis” mean
Condition
Does “osis” infer a normal or abnormal condition?
Neither (non judge mental )
What generic names ID’ed for abnormal curves of vertebral column
Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Define lordosis
Forward bending condition
Define kyphosis
Humpback or hunchback condition
Define scoliosis
Warped or crooked condition
What is direction of curve deviation in scoliosis
To the side
Is there locational bias for classic definition of lordosis
No,
Increase in the anterior directions of the cervical and lumbar spines Decrease in posterior directions of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spines
Is there a locational bias for the classic definition of kyphosis
No
Decrease in anterior directions of the cervical and lumbar spines
Increase in the posterior directions of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spines
What clinical abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column were stressed in class
Military neck
Humpback or hunchback
Swayback
What is military neck
Decreased anterior curve in the cervical region, a straight neck
What is humpback
An increased posterior curve in thoracic region
What is swayback
An increased anterior curve in lumbar region
Classic classification of military neck
Kyphosis
Classic classification of humpback
Kyphosis
Classic classification of swayback
Lordosis
What does the use of lordotic try to imply
Normal cervical and normal lumbar anterior curve
What does kyphotic try to imply
Normal thoracic or dorsal and normal pelvic or sacrococcygeal posterior curve
What prefixes are used to convey abnormality in curve patterns
Hyper and hypo
What does hyperlordotic mean
Increase in anterior curve of cervical or lumbar region
What does hypolordotic mean
Decrease in anterior curve of cervical or lumbar region
What does hyperkyphotic mean
Increase in posterior curve of thoracic/dorsal or pelvic region
What does hypokyphotic mean
Decrease in posterior curve of thoracic or pelvic region
What are the curve classifications for military neck
Kyphosis or hypolordosis curve
What are the curve classifications for humpback
Kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve
What are the curve classifications for sway back
Lordosis or hyperlordotic curve
What is more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial ration
What is radiological test for skeletal maturity
Risser sign , indication of bone maturity in iliac apophysis
What are the classifications of scoliosis according to scoliosis research society
Magnitude, location, direction etiology ,structural scoliosis, and non-structural
What does magnitude of scoliosis refer
Length and angle of curve deviation on x-ray
What is often used to measure magnitude of scoliosis
Cobb method
What does location of scoliosis infer
Location of vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation
What does direction of scoliosis refer
Side convexity of curve will bend toward
What does etiology of scoliosis mean
Cause of scoliosis
What is structural scoliosis
More radical form, may worsen, associated with structural deformities of vertebra or IVD, frequently has fixed angle of trunk rotation
What is nonstructural scoliosis
Mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, no associated with structural deformities of vertebra or IVD, lacks fixed angle of trunk rotation
What is classification of scoliosis unique to individual person
Idiopathic scoliosis
What does idiopathic scoliosis mean
Scoliosis is unique to individual, no known cause, unknown etiology
What is incidence of idiopathic scoliosis
1-4%
Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis
Infantile
Juvenile
Adolescent
What is age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis
Birth to 3
Age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis
3-10
Age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Over 10
ID curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis
Right thoracic, females over 6, 12-21%
ID curve direction , location, gender bias, and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis
Left thoracic, male, less than 1%
ID curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80%
Genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Autosomal dominate factor that runs in families
Relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening
Greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen
What are the curvatures of vertebral column
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Direction of primary curve of vertebral column
Posterior
Why is posterior curve also called primary curve
First to appear embryologically
Adult remnants of primary curve
Thoracic and pelvic curves
Names given to curves that form during development
Anterior, secondary or compensatory curve
Segmental levels of cervical curve
C2-T1
Segmental levels of lumbar curve
T12-L5
Developmental events indicated information of adult cervical spine
- Centers for vision and equilibrium appear
- Musculature develops
- “Righting reflex”
- IVD height (A>P)
Location for apex of cervical curve
Typically between C4/C5
Location for cervical kyphosis
Occiput-C1
Vertebral relationship between cervical curve and cervical enlargement
Curve = C2-T1 Enlargement = C3-T1
Developmental events indicated in formation of adult lumbar curve
- Crawling
- Muscle development
- IVD (A>P)
- Walking
Vertebral relationship between lumbar curve and lumbar enlargement
Curve = T12-L5 Enlargement = T9-T12