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Spinal > Curvatures Of Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Curvatures Of Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What infant activities are associated with the development of lumbar curve

A

Crawling and walking

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2
Q

What happens within the IVD to facilitate lumbar curve development

A

Nucleus pulposus of L4 will shift its position within annulus fibrosis

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3
Q

Which sense is requirement for holding head erect, standing, sitting, and walking

A

Vision

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4
Q

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity

A

Females have greater convexity of lumbar curve

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5
Q

What is formation of lateral curve correlated with

A

Faster development of muscles on side of handedness

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6
Q

What is the time of appearance of lateral curves

A

6 years

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7
Q

Locations of lateral curves recognized

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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8
Q

What lateral curves are best developed

A

Thoracic and lumbar

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9
Q

What is relationship between curve direction and handedness

A

Right handed person has a high probability for right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination

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10
Q

What is incidence of right thoracic, left lumbar curve combo in population

A

80%

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11
Q

What does “osis” mean

A

Condition

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12
Q

Does “osis” infer a normal or abnormal condition?

A

Neither (non judge mental )

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13
Q

What generic names ID’ed for abnormal curves of vertebral column

A

Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis

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14
Q

Define lordosis

A

Forward bending condition

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15
Q

Define kyphosis

A

Humpback or hunchback condition

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16
Q

Define scoliosis

A

Warped or crooked condition

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17
Q

What is direction of curve deviation in scoliosis

A

To the side

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18
Q

Is there locational bias for classic definition of lordosis

A

No,
Increase in the anterior directions of the cervical and lumbar spines Decrease in posterior directions of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spines

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19
Q

Is there a locational bias for the classic definition of kyphosis

A

No
Decrease in anterior directions of the cervical and lumbar spines
Increase in the posterior directions of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spines

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20
Q

What clinical abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column were stressed in class

A

Military neck
Humpback or hunchback
Swayback

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21
Q

What is military neck

A

Decreased anterior curve in the cervical region, a straight neck

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22
Q

What is humpback

A

An increased posterior curve in thoracic region

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23
Q

What is swayback

A

An increased anterior curve in lumbar region

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24
Q

Classic classification of military neck

A

Kyphosis

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25
Q

Classic classification of humpback

A

Kyphosis

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26
Q

Classic classification of swayback

A

Lordosis

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27
Q

What does the use of lordotic try to imply

A

Normal cervical and normal lumbar anterior curve

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28
Q

What does kyphotic try to imply

A

Normal thoracic or dorsal and normal pelvic or sacrococcygeal posterior curve

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29
Q

What prefixes are used to convey abnormality in curve patterns

A

Hyper and hypo

30
Q

What does hyperlordotic mean

A

Increase in anterior curve of cervical or lumbar region

31
Q

What does hypolordotic mean

A

Decrease in anterior curve of cervical or lumbar region

32
Q

What does hyperkyphotic mean

A

Increase in posterior curve of thoracic/dorsal or pelvic region

33
Q

What does hypokyphotic mean

A

Decrease in posterior curve of thoracic or pelvic region

34
Q

What are the curve classifications for military neck

A

Kyphosis or hypolordosis curve

35
Q

What are the curve classifications for humpback

A

Kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

36
Q

What are the curve classifications for sway back

A

Lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

37
Q

What is more complete, accepted definition of scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curve coupled with axial ration

38
Q

What is radiological test for skeletal maturity

A

Risser sign , indication of bone maturity in iliac apophysis

39
Q

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to scoliosis research society

A

Magnitude, location, direction etiology ,structural scoliosis, and non-structural

40
Q

What does magnitude of scoliosis refer

A

Length and angle of curve deviation on x-ray

41
Q

What is often used to measure magnitude of scoliosis

A

Cobb method

42
Q

What does location of scoliosis infer

A

Location of vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

43
Q

What does direction of scoliosis refer

A

Side convexity of curve will bend toward

44
Q

What does etiology of scoliosis mean

A

Cause of scoliosis

45
Q

What is structural scoliosis

A

More radical form, may worsen, associated with structural deformities of vertebra or IVD, frequently has fixed angle of trunk rotation

46
Q

What is nonstructural scoliosis

A

Mild form of scoliosis, unlikely to worsen, no associated with structural deformities of vertebra or IVD, lacks fixed angle of trunk rotation

47
Q

What is classification of scoliosis unique to individual person

A

Idiopathic scoliosis

48
Q

What does idiopathic scoliosis mean

A

Scoliosis is unique to individual, no known cause, unknown etiology

49
Q

What is incidence of idiopathic scoliosis

A

1-4%

50
Q

Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis

A

Infantile
Juvenile
Adolescent

51
Q

What is age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis

A

Birth to 3

52
Q

Age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

A

3-10

53
Q

Age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

A

Over 10

54
Q

ID curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

A

Right thoracic, females over 6, 12-21%

55
Q

ID curve direction , location, gender bias, and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis

A

Left thoracic, male, less than 1%

56
Q

ID curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

A

Right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80%

57
Q

Genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

A

Autosomal dominate factor that runs in families

58
Q

Relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening

A

Greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen

59
Q

What are the curvatures of vertebral column

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

60
Q

Direction of primary curve of vertebral column

A

Posterior

61
Q

Why is posterior curve also called primary curve

A

First to appear embryologically

62
Q

Adult remnants of primary curve

A

Thoracic and pelvic curves

63
Q

Names given to curves that form during development

A

Anterior, secondary or compensatory curve

64
Q

Segmental levels of cervical curve

A

C2-T1

65
Q

Segmental levels of lumbar curve

A

T12-L5

66
Q

Developmental events indicated information of adult cervical spine

A
  1. Centers for vision and equilibrium appear
  2. Musculature develops
  3. “Righting reflex”
  4. IVD height (A>P)
67
Q

Location for apex of cervical curve

A

Typically between C4/C5

68
Q

Location for cervical kyphosis

A

Occiput-C1

69
Q

Vertebral relationship between cervical curve and cervical enlargement

A 
Curve = C2-T1
Enlargement = C3-T1
70
Q

Developmental events indicated in formation of adult lumbar curve

A
  1. Crawling
  2. Muscle development
  3. IVD (A>P)
  4. Walking
71
Q

Vertebral relationship between lumbar curve and lumbar enlargement

A 
Curve = T12-L5
Enlargement = T9-T12

Spinal (27 decks)

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