Exam 2: Intervertebral Foramen

Question 1

What determines the length of the IVF

Answer 1

Width of pedicle

Question 2

What may extend length of IVF

Answer 2

Transverse process, muscles or ligaments

Question 3

What forms the superior boundary for the typical IVF

Answer 3

Inferior vertebral notch of pedicle above

Question 4

What is the average height of the IVF

Answer 4

13mm

Question 5

What percent of total vertebral column length does “true” IVF height rom C2-S1 equal?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

What percent of total vertebral column length does all IVF height from occiput- Co1 equal

Answer 6

53%

Question 7

What are the generic contents of the IVF

Answer 7

Neural tissue
CT
Vascular tissue
Lymphatic tissue

Question 8

What is the percent of neural tissue in IVF

Answer 8

8-50%

Question 9

Which branches of spinal artery may occupy IVF

Answer 9

Osseous arteries 
Ant spinal canal artery 
Post spinal canal artery 
Ant medullary feeder artery 
Post medullary feeder artery

Question 10

What is the name o largest medullary feeder artery

Answer 10

Artery of Adamkiewicz

Arteria radicalis magna anterior

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the artery of Adamkiewicz

Answer 11

Left side
Anterior medullary feeder artery
T9/T10 IVF
Primary vascular supply to lumbar enlargement

Question 12

What is most likely region of thoracic spine for herniation

Answer 12

Below T8

Question 13

What will IV veins drain into

Answer 13

External vertebral venous plexus

Batson’s plexus

Question 14

Which venous vessels of vertebra will drain into segmental veins

Answer 14

Batson’s plexus

Question 15

What is unique histological feature of veins of vertebral column

Answer 15

Appear to lack valves

Question 16

What size lymphatic vessels lie in IVF

Answer 16

Medium sized

Question 17

What types of CT will be present in IVF

Answer 17

Adipose

Loose areolar CT

Question 18

What happens to cervical nerve roots between origin from spinal cord and exit from IVF

Answer 18

Descend along spinal cord

Question 19

What is the relationship between aging and cervical spine nerve root characteristics

Answer 19

Length of nerve root increases as it descends from apparent origin on spinal cord, but cross sectional area of nerve root decreases

Question 20

What is the relationship between aging and cervical spine intervertebral foramen size

Answer 20

Cross-sectional area diminishes after age 50

Question 21

Specific attachment sites for a cervical spinal nerve

Answer 21

Sulcus for ventral primary ramus on costotransverse bar

Vertebral artery

Question 22

What contributes to anterior boundary of thoracic IVF

Answer 22

Costocentral joint

Question 23

Relationship of lumbar nerve root size to IVF size above L4

Answer 23

Nerve root size accounts for less than 22% of available size

Question 24

Relationship of lumbar nerve root size to IVF size below L4

Answer 24

Nerve root size accounts for up to 30% of available size

Question 25

Largest spinal nerves

Answer 25

L5 and S1

Question 26

What increases length of IVF at L5

Answer 26

Lumbosacral tunnel

Question 27

What condition is result of encroachment on L5 spinal nerve

Answer 27

Far out syndrome

Question 28

What ligaments may contribute to loss of size in lumbar IVF

Answer 28

Transforaminal lig and corporotransverse lig

Question 29

Relationship between IVD herniation and lumbar spinal nerves

Answer 29

IVD above the IVF usually source of damage

Question 30

Examples of osteophyte formation that influence IVF

Answer 30

Bony spurs of VB

Para-articular processes on lamina

Question 31

Recommended weight of a backpack compared to individual weight for developing spine

Answer 31

Should not exceed 10% of individual body weight