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Spinal > Exam 2: Spondy > Flashcards

Exam 2: Spondy Flashcards

1
Q

Greek work for vertebra

A

Spondylos

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2
Q

Definition of suffix “osis”

A

Condition

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3
Q

Definition of suffix “lysis”

A

Cleavage or separation

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4
Q

Definition of suffix “listhesis”

A

Slippage

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5
Q

Definition of spondylosis

A

Vertebral condition

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6
Q

Definition of spondylolysis

A

Vertebral separation or cleavage

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7
Q

Definition of spondylolisthesis

A

Vertebral slippage

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8
Q

Current limited definition of spondylosis

A

Vertebral condition that is acquired or age-related

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9
Q

Some causes of spondylolysis

A

Congenital, acquired during development, result of aging, result of trauma

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10
Q

Location of spondylolysis stressed in class

A

Pars interarticularis

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11
Q

Parts of vertebra that are separated as result of pars defect

A

Anterior element from posterior element

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12
Q

Incidence of spondylolysis in general population

A

2.6% - 10%

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13
Q

Incidence of spondylolysis in native Alaskan population

A

52.6%

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14
Q

Characteristics associated w/ cervical spondylolysis

A

Rare, congenital, more men, MC at C6, linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

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15
Q

Is cervical spondylolysis result of congenital, acquired or age-related conditions?

A

Congenital — cartilage centers fail to form

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16
Q

Additional abnormalities associated w/ or linked to cervical spondylolysis

A

Spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

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17
Q

Gender and vertebral location bias associated w/ cervical spondylolysis

A

Men at C6 level

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18
Q

Lumbar spondylolysis has NOT been reported in which individuals

A

Fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under 5, patients who have never walked, and non-erect species

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19
Q

Lumbar spondylolysis only been reported in what typed of species

A

Species that walk erect; humans

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20
Q

What does spondylolysis appear to be related to

A

Uniquely human upright stance or erect posture

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21
Q

Gender bias and locational bias associated w/ lumbar spondylolysis

A

Men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

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22
Q

Age range typically associated w/ lumbar spondylolysis

A

10-20 years old

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23
Q

Activities particularly stressful at pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebra

A

Gymnastics, dance, soccer

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24
Q

What motions particularly associated w/ lumbar spondylolysis

A

Hyperextension coupled w/ rotation

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25
Q

Name given to material filling the space in lumbar spondylolysis

A

Spondylolysis ligament

26
Q

Types of neural functions associated w/ spondylolysis ligament

A

Nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

27
Q

Appearance of lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view

A

Scotty dog

28
Q

Appearance of pars defect in lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view

A

Collared Scotty dog

29
Q

What part of lumbar vertebra forms neck of Scotty dog

A

Pars interarticularis below the superior articular process

30
Q

What part of lumbar forms eye of Scotty dog

A

Pedicle

31
Q

What part of lumbar vertebra forms ear of Scotty dog

A

Superior articular process

32
Q

What part of lumbar forms nose of Scotty dog

A

Transverse process

33
Q

Incidence of sacral spondylolysis in general population

A

Rare

34
Q

Ethnic group associated w/ high incidence of sacral spondylolysis

A

Native Alaskan (inuit) population

35
Q

Is sacral spondylolysis the result of congenital, acquired or age-related conditions

A

Acquired

36
Q

What activities are associated w/ sacral spondylolysis

A

Kayaking and harpooning

37
Q

Ethnic, gender and locational bias associated w/ sacral spondylolysis

A

Native Alaskan (Inuit), male, S1 level

38
Q

What vertebral condition results in spondylolisthesis

A

Bilateral spondylolysis

39
Q

Direction of spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior or forward displacement

40
Q

Posterior direction of vertebral slippage called

A

Retrospondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis

41
Q

All names given to type I spondylolisthesis

A

Dysplastic or congenital spondylolisthesis

42
Q

Locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis

A

L5 or upper sacral

43
Q

Additional conditions linked to type I spondylolisthesis

A

Spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of S1 nerve

44
Q

All names given to type II spondylolisthesis

A

Isthmic spondylolisthesis

45
Q

Subtype of type II spondylolisthesis is stressed in class

A

Lytic or stress fracture induced spondylolisthesis

46
Q

Most frequent cause for type II spondylolisthesis

A

Microfractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyperflexion and rotation

47
Q

Age group typically associated w/ type II spondylolisthesis

A

Teenagers or young adults

48
Q

Will spondylolysis always result in type II spondylolisthesis

A

No, particularly in cases of unilateral spondylolysis

49
Q

What spinal canal dimensions associated w/ type II spondylolisthesis

A

Increase in sagittal diameter of spinal canal

50
Q

Gender and locational bias associated w/ type II spondylolisthesis

A

Men at L5/S1 level

51
Q

All names given to type III spondylolisthesis

A

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

52
Q

Conditions often associated w/ type III spondylolisthesis

A

Osteoarthritis, IVD degeneration, ligament laxity and articular facet remodeling

53
Q

Gender and locational bias and spinal canal dimension changes often associated w/ type III spondylolisthesis

A

Women, L4/L5 and no change in sagittal diameter of spinal canal

54
Q

Type of spondylolisthesis MC in women at L4/L5

A

Type III or degenerative

55
Q

All names given to type IV spondylolisthesis

A

Traumatic spondylolisthesis

56
Q

Causes of type IV spondylolisthesis

A

Fracture of neural arch components

57
Q

Gender, locational or age bias w/ type IV spondylolisthesis

A

None

58
Q

All names given to type V spondylolisthesis

A

Pathologic spondylolisthesis

59
Q

Causes associated w/ type V spondylolisthesis

A

Bone diseases: Paget or osteogenesis imperfects

60
Q

Result of type V spondylolisthesis

A

Bone of neural arch lengthened such that listhesis occurs

Spinal (27 decks)

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