Exam 2: Sacrum And Coccyx

Question 1

Generic shape of 1st sacral vertebral body

Answer 1

Reniform

Question 2

What muscle may attach to 1st sacral body

Answer 2

Psoas major

Question 3

How many joint surfaces present on vertebral body of S1

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Origin of sacral ala

Answer 4

S1 transverse process and costal element originate from vertebral body and possibly pedicle

Question 5

Part of sacral ala derived from costal element

Answer 5

Anterior 2/3

Question 6

Position of sacral zygapophysis in adults

Answer 6

Coronal plane for L5/S1

Question 7

Orientation of S1 superior articular facet

Answer 7

BUM

Concave

Question 8

Muscles attach to sacral mammillary processes

Answer 8

Multifidis

Question 9

Fusion of vertebral bodies of sacrum across intervertebral disc is called _____

Answer 9

Synostosis

Question 10

Anterior view, IVD of sacrum are replaced by

Answer 10

Transverse ridges

Question 11

What forms median sacral crest

Answer 11

Fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

Question 12

Muscles that may attach to median sacral crest

Answer 12

Latissimus dorsi
iliocostalis lumborum
longissimus thoracic

Question 13

What forms intermediate sacral crest

Answer 13

Fused articular processes and their facets

Question 14

What features may be identified along intermediate sacral crest

Answer 14

Mammillary process of S1

Sacral cornu of S5

Question 15

What does sacral cornu represent

Answer 15

Inferior articular process and facet of S5

Question 16

Name of inferior opening of sacral spinal canal

Answer 16

Sacral hiatus

Question 17

What forms lateral sacral crest

Answer 17

Fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles

Question 18

Features that may be identified along lateral sacral crest

Answer 18

S1 transverse tubercle
Sacral tuberosity of S2
Transverse tubercles of S3-5

Question 19

Name of joint formed by sacral tuberosity

Answer 19

Accessory sacro-iliac joint

Question 20

Feature associated with transverse tubercle of S5

Answer 20

Inferior and lateral sacral angle

Question 21

Muscles may attach to lateral sacral crest

Answer 21

Multifidis

Iliocostalis lumborum

Question 22

Muscle said to attach to dorsal surface of sacrum

Answer 22

Iliacus

Question 23

Feature identified on lateral surface of S1-S3

Answer 23

Auricular surface

Question 24

What is sacral promontory

Answer 24

Bulging anterior surface of superior epiphyseal rim of S1

Question 25

Continuation of anterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what lig

Answer 25

Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 26

Continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what lig

Answer 26

Deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 27

What form posterior boundary for 5th sacral spinal nerve IVF

Answer 27

Sacral cornu, coccygeal cornu, superficial posterior sacrococcygeal lig and intercornual lig

Question 28

What forms anterior boundary for 5th sacral spinal nerve IVF

Answer 28

S5 and Co1 bodies, deep posterior sacrococcygeal lig and IVD

Question 29

What ligament is attached to sacral hiatus

Answer 29

Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal lig

Question 30

Synovial joint surfaces present at sacrum

Answer 30

2 superior articular facets | 2 auricular facets

Question 31

How many synovial joints present at sacrum

Answer 31

4

Question 32

Joint classifications present at sacrum

Answer 32

Fibrous syndesmosis Cartilaginous symphysis Synovial plane

Question 33

Homolog for posterior longitudinal ligament at S5

Answer 33

Deep posterior soacoroccygeal ligament

Question 34

Homolog for ligamentum flavum at S5

Answer 34

Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 35

What forms inferior boundary for spinal canal

Answer 35

Union of superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

Question 36

Ligament formed by union of superficial and deep sacrococcygeal ligs at Co1

Answer 36

Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 37

Ligament divides sciatic foramen into greater and lesser sciatic foramina

Answer 37

Sacrospinous ligament

Question 38

Ligament has broad attachment along lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attached to ischial tuberosity

Answer 38

Sacrotuberous lig

Question 39

Ligament represents thickening of fibrous capsule of sacro-iliac joint

Answer 39

Anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 40

Ligament is strongest of sacro-iliac ligs and is penetrated by dorsal rami of sacral nerves

Answer 40

Interosseous sacro-iliac lig

Question 41

What ligament will attach intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to posterior superior iliac spine

Answer 41

Short posterior sacro-iliac lig

Question 42

Ligament attaches lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to posterior superior iliac spine

Answer 42

Long posterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 43

Homolog for interior articular process and facet at S5

Answer 43

Sacral cornu

Question 44

Homolog for superior articular process and facet at Co1

Answer 44

Coccygeal cornu

Question 45

Homolog for capsular ligament at S5

Answer 45

Intercornual ligament

Question 46

When is ossification of coccyx completed

Answer 46

30

Question 47

Direction of fusion of coccygeal segments

Answer 47

Caudal to cranial | Co1 and Co2 are last to fuse

Question 48

Direction of coccygeal curve

Answer 48

Posterior (kyphotic)

Question 49

Major motion and range of motion for coccyx

Answer 49

Flexion — extension | 5-20 degrees

Question 50

How many coccygeal nerve present in fetus

Answer 50

Typically 5 pairs

Question 51

How many coccygeal nerve present in the adult

Answer 51

Typically only 1