Exam 2 Part 5 Flashcards
What are examples of non-laryngeal aerodigestive disorders affecting voice?
Asthma, COPD, Croup, GERD, Infectious diseases of the aerodigestive tract, mycotic (fungal) infections
What are the psychological disorders that affect voice?
Functional dysphonia, psychogenic voice disorder
What are the 3 criteria that patients have to meet in order to have a psychogenic voice disorder?
Symptom psychogenicity, symptom incongruity, symptom reversibility, gender dysphoria, malingerer, factitious disorders
No structural pathologies
Psychogenicity
Psychotic episodes; sometimes sound normal and sometimes sounds different
Incongruity
Can be episodic; e.g. anxiety episode changes voice but goes back to normal
Reversibility
What can a unilateral external superior laryngeal nerve paralysis cause?
Unilateral Cricothyroid muscle dysfunction
How do neurological disorders affect voice?
Mild dysphonia, loss of upper pitch range, voice characterized by weakness, increased physical effort to produce voice
What cranial nerves can cause vocal fold paralysis?
External superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve (controls PCA)
Strained-strangled voice with voice stoppages/spasms; trouble with voiceless speech sounds.
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (happens when vocal folds are in an adducted position)
Involuntary breathy bursts/spasms.
Abductor spasmodic dysphonia (happens when vocal folds are in an abducted position)
Both strained voice stoppages and breathy bursts.
Mixed spasmodic dysphonia
Paralyzed vocal folds are at midline and cannot abduct
Bilateral abductor paralysis
Vocal folds are paralyzed in an abducted position
Bilateral adductor paralysis
Uncontrollable phonatory spasms while speaking ONLY; only on the vocal folds
Spasmodic dysphonia
