Exam 2 Part 5

Question 1

What are examples of non-laryngeal aerodigestive disorders affecting voice?

Answer 1

Asthma, COPD, Croup, GERD, Infectious diseases of the aerodigestive tract, mycotic (fungal) infections

Question 2

What are the psychological disorders that affect voice?

Answer 2

Functional dysphonia, psychogenic voice disorder

Question 3

What are the 3 criteria that patients have to meet in order to have a psychogenic voice disorder?

Answer 3

Symptom psychogenicity, symptom incongruity, symptom reversibility, gender dysphoria, malingerer, factitious disorders

Question 4

No structural pathologies

Answer 4

Psychogenicity

Question 5

Psychotic episodes; sometimes sound normal and sometimes sounds different

Answer 5

Incongruity

Question 6

Can be episodic; e.g. anxiety episode changes voice but goes back to normal

Answer 6

Reversibility

Question 7

What can a unilateral external superior laryngeal nerve paralysis cause?

Answer 7

Unilateral Cricothyroid muscle dysfunction

Question 8

How do neurological disorders affect voice?

Answer 8

Mild dysphonia, loss of upper pitch range, voice characterized by weakness, increased physical effort to produce voice

Question 9

What cranial nerves can cause vocal fold paralysis?

Answer 9

External superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve (controls PCA)

Question 10

Strained-strangled voice with voice stoppages/spasms; trouble with voiceless speech sounds.

Answer 10

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (happens when vocal folds are in an adducted position)

Question 11

Involuntary breathy bursts/spasms.

Answer 11

Abductor spasmodic dysphonia (happens when vocal folds are in an abducted position)

Question 12

Both strained voice stoppages and breathy bursts.

Answer 12

Mixed spasmodic dysphonia

Question 13

Paralyzed vocal folds are at midline and cannot abduct

Answer 13

Bilateral abductor paralysis

Question 14

Vocal folds are paralyzed in an abducted position

Answer 14

Bilateral adductor paralysis

Question 15

Uncontrollable phonatory spasms while speaking ONLY; only on the vocal folds

Answer 15

Spasmodic dysphonia

Question 16

Phonatory spasms are ______ and ______

Answer 16

Focal, action induced

Question 17

Tremors that occur during phonation and sometimes at rest (for some cases)

Answer 17

Essential voice tremors

Question 18

T/F: Dysarthrias do not cause voice disorders

Answer 18

False; do

Question 19

Flaccid

Answer 19

Lower motor neuron

Question 20

Spastic

Answer 20

Upper motor neurons