Exam 2 Part 3

Question 1

Unilateral or bilateral, vascular and inflammatory exophytic lesions related to tissue irritation in the posterior larynx typically on medical surface of arytenoid cartilages

Answer 1

Granuloma

Question 2

Ulcerated lesion on the same site often on opposite side of granuloma (cup/saucer relationship);

Answer 2

Contact Ulcers

Question 3

What are signs and symptoms of granulomas and contact ulcers?

Answer 3

Pain, sore throat, with or without voice change

Question 4

What are the 2 primary etiologies of granulomas and contact ulcers?

Answer 4

Intubation, LPR, voice misuse

Question 5

How do we treat granulomas and contact ulcers?

Answer 5

Medication, therapy, surgery

Question 6

Abnormal mucosal changes

Answer 6

Epithelial hyperplasia

Question 7

White placque on surface of vocal folds

Answer 7

Leukoplakia

Question 8

Buildup of keratinized tissue, rough, irregular vocal fold margins

Answer 8

Hyperkeratosis

Question 9

Due to combination of hyperfunctional voice use and chemical irritation especially alcohol and tobacco use; thickened and red

Answer 9

Erythroplasia

Question 10

Wart-like growths that develop in the epithelium and invade deeper in the LP and vocalis muscle

Answer 10

Recurrent respiratory papilloma

Question 11

What is the etiology of papillomas?

Answer 11

HPV virus

Question 12

What are the effects of papillomas on voice?

Answer 12

Can affect the cover, transition, and body of the vocal folds and produce significant stiffness, compromise vibratory function, and sever dysphonia

Question 13

How do we treat papillomas?

Answer 13

Surgical but is recurring, pharmacotherapy, interferon therapy, vocal fold injections

Question 14

Fibrous tissue overgrowth that narrows the airway

Answer 14

Stenosis

Question 15

What are the etiologies of subglottic stenosis?

Answer 15

Congenital, post-intubation scarring, LPR

Question 16

What are the etiologies of glottis stenosis?

Answer 16

Congenital, acquired web secondary to surgery involving anterior membranous portion of the vocal folds

Question 17

Caused by traumatic injury to small blood vessels of the VF; focal or diffuse discoloration of VF

Answer 17

Vascular lesions

Question 18

How do you treat stenosis?

Answer 18

Surgery

Question 19

What are the etiologies of vascular lesions?

Answer 19

Intense singing, screaming, coughing, crying

Question 20

Small capillary on superior surface of VF ruptures abruptly and bleeds into SLLP (i.e., Reinke’s space).

Answer 20

Hemorrhage