Exam 2

Question 1

Any alteration in the histological structure of the vocal fold

Answer 1

Structural pathology

Question 2

Changes in the layered structure of the vocal fold may affect what?

Answer 2

Mass, size, stiffness, flexibility, tension

Question 3

Voice quality varies in patients with strcutural pathologies due to…

Answer 3

Size/severity of lesion, patient’s habitual voice use patterns, presence/absence of compensator adjustments

Question 4

Adaptive changes including improved breath support, enhanced vocal tract tuning, appropriate changes in pitch and loudness

Answer 4

Productive compensatory adjustments

Question 5

What are examples of extreme compensatory adjustments?

Answer 5

Extreme muscle activation/effort, inappropriate changes in pitch and loudness, poor tone focus

Question 6

What are the risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma?

Answer 6

Smoking, alcohol abuse, LPR

Question 7

What types of treatments are used to get rid of laryngeal carcinomas?

Answer 7

Radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy

Question 8

Bilateral “relatively” symmetrical lesions occurring the medial edge between ant. 1/3 and posterior 2/3’s of VFs (i.e., site of maximum collision and shearing forces).

Answer 8

Vocal fold nodules

Question 9

Gelatinous and floppy vocal fold nodules

Answer 9

Acute/immature

Question 10

Harder and more fixed to the underlying mucosa vocal fold nodules

Answer 10

Chronic/mature

Question 11

What are some occupational factors that might increase the risk of vocal nodules?

Answer 11

Singers, teachers, professions with extended voice use

Question 12

What are possible personality factors that might increase the risk of vocal nodules?

Answer 12

Talkative, socially dominant, stress reactive (tense), aggressive, impulsive

Question 13

Severity of dysphonia for patients with vocal nodules varies depending upon:

Answer 13

Size of lesion, length of time since onset, degree of accompanying inflammation

Question 14

What types of treatment are used for vocal nodules?

Answer 14

Voice therapy surgical removal

Question 15

What types of dysphonia would a patient experience if they have vocal nodules?

Answer 15

Roughness, breathiness related to gaps anterior and posterior to lesions, increased muscle tension

Question 16

Fluid filled exophytic lesion composed of gelatinous material in the SLLP with active blood supply

Answer 16

Vocal fold polyps

Question 17

Are vocal fold polyps bilateral or unilateral??

Answer 17

Often unilateral but can be bilateral

Question 18

Blister-like vocal fold polyp

Answer 18

Sessile

Question 19

Type of vocal fold polyp that is attached to a stalk

Answer 19

Pedunculated

Question 20

What are the voice effects of patients who have vocal fold polyps depending on?

Answer 20

Size, shape, location, degree of interference with glottal closure, presence of hemorrhagic blood vessel