Exam 2 Part 12

Question 1

The sharper and and steeper the maximum flow declination rate, what will happen?

Answer 1

Brighter and louder the sound is going to be, more vocal fold collision forces

Question 2

Provides more information about the severity and nature (possible etiology) of a voice disorder than other instrumental measures.

Answer 2

Laryngeal imaging

Question 3

What 3 things do we look at during laryngeal imaging?

Answer 3

Structure, movement, function

Question 4

What are the 3 types of laryngeal imaging?

Answer 4

Stroboscopy (most common clinically), kymography, high speed

Question 5

What are the 2 types of laryngeal endoscopes?

Answer 5

Flexible, rigid

Question 6

Goes through the oral cavity and oropharynx

Answer 6

Rigid

Question 7

Goes through the nasopharynx

Answer 7

Flexible

Question 8

What are the 2 flexible/rigid scopes?

Answer 8

Stroboscopy

Question 9

What are the 2 rigid scopes?

Answer 9

Kymography, high speed

Question 10

What are the benefits of rigid endoscopy?

Answer 10

Close view and better lighting to the image due to fiberoptic bundles, avoids optical artifacts due to larger magnification

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of rigid endoscopy?

Answer 11

Can only say /i/, unnatural positioning for speech

Question 12

What are the benefits of flexible endoscopy?

Answer 12

Can view the larynx during connected speech tasks and allows a broader view of vocal tract and supraglottic region, visual biofeedback during treatment

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of flexible endoscopy?

Answer 13

Darker image due to diameter of fiber optic lights, difficult to achieve a stable image during connected speech, risk of nosebleeds

Question 14

What changes in larynx are typically seen secondary to presbylarynx?

Answer 14

Vocal atrophy or thinning of vocal folds (loss of tissue bulk), prominent appearance of vocal processes are seen, degeneration of the TA muscle, decreased elasticity and increased stiffness

Question 15

Degeneration of the vocal folds is seen especially in the _____ layer of lamina propria.

Answer 15

Intermediate

Question 16

What is the shape of glottic configuration typically seen in presbylaryneus?

Answer 16

Spindle and vocal fold bowing

Question 17

“Structural pathologies such as vocal nodules change the biomechanical properties of vocal folds, and therefore their function”. Explain this statement.

Answer 17

Structural pathologies add mass to the tissue and also unwanted/additional tension to the tissue. Changes in tissue’s biomechanical properties leads to physiological changes such as voice quality, loudness, and pitch.

Question 18

Fundamental frequency and its harmonics depend on _____, ______, and ______ of the tissue.

Answer 18

Length, mass tension

Question 19

Vocal tract tuning to improve the brightness of the sound, instead of increasing the vocal effort and tension is an example of ________ type of compensatory adjustment (productive / maladaptive).

Answer 19

Productive

Question 20

Assume that you are a voice pathologist working in an outpatient voice clinic with an otolaryngologist. He sent you a patient for a laryngeal endoscopy. After performing the procedure, you clearly know that the patient has bilateral vocal fold nodules. How do you write the diagnosis in the report?

Answer 20

Bilateral (gelatinous if acute or fibrous if chronic) masses seen on the medial edge between the anterior 1/3rds and posterior 2/3rds of true vocal folds.