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1
Q

imperialism

A

the quest for colonial empires

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2
Q

subsidy

A

a government bonus payment

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3
Q

protectorate

A

country dependent on another for protection

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4
Q

spheres of influence

A

regions where a particular country has exclusive rights over mines, railroads, and trade

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5
Q

Open Door Policy

A

declaration made by John Hay that all nations should have equal access to trade and investment in China

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6
Q

dollar diplomacy

A

Taft’s policy of influencing Latin American affairs through economic influence rather than military force

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7
Q

When did McKinley annex Hawaii?

A

July 7, 1898

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8
Q

Henry Cabbot Lodge

A

a senator from Massachusetts who encouraged expansion of the economy by strengthening the military

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9
Q

List 3 superpowers in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

A
  • Great Britain
  • Germany
  • United States
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10
Q

List 3 regions that the global superpowers were fighting for resources in.

A
  • Africa
  • Asia
  • Latin America
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11
Q

What significant thing did Japan do in 1894?

A

invaded China and marked its emergence as an imperial power

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12
Q

What did the 1875 treaty with Hawaii say?

A
  • exempted Hawaiian sugar from U.S. tariffs
  • Hawaii promised not to grant territory or special privileges in the islands to any other country
  • added Pearl Harbor
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13
Q

Who was Jose Marti?

A
  • Cuban poet who led a revolt against Cuba and was banished for his beliefs
  • promoted independence for Cuba and moved to New York to write articles about it
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14
Q

List the results of Japan trying to become a military and industrial superpower.

A
  • invaded China
  • attacked Russian forces in Manchuria
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15
Q

Who used The Examiner to get the U.S. to intervene in the Cuba-Spain conflict?

A

William Randolph Hearst

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16
Q

The U.S.S. main attack killed ____ soldiers.

A

260

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17
Q

How did the U.S.S. main attack affect the U.S. intervention and spark the Spanish-American war?

A

Americans blamed Spain for the attack and declared war

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18
Q

What general was appointed governor of Cuba in 1889?

A

Leonard Wood

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19
Q

Philippine Government Act

A

established a governor and 2-house legislature to rule the Philippines

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20
Q

How much did the U.S. pay Columbia for the Panama Canal?

A

$10 million and a yearly rental of $250,000 for 99 years

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21
Q

How many miles long is the Panama Canal?

A

51 miles

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22
Q

How many hours does it take to cross the Panama Canal?

A

6-7 hours

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23
Q

How many ships on average cross the Panama Canal in a day?

A

36

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24
Q

What 2 bodies of water does the Panama Canal connect?

A

Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean

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25
Q

What is the toll for crossing the Panama Canal per ship on average?

A

$188,000

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26
Q

How many men were recruited from the British West Indies to help build the Panama Canal?

A

over 20,000

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27
Q

What were the major problems that killed many during the Panama Canal’s construction?

A

malaria and yellow fever

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28
Q

What president came to power in Mexico in 1877?

A

Diaz

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29
Q

What goals did President Diaz want to achieve?

A
  • impose order
  • attract foreign investors
  • expansion of railroads
  • improve mining industry
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30
Q

How many executive elections did Diaz win and what did he use to win them?

A

8; force and fraud

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31
Q

Who came to power after Diaz and what did he achieve?

A

Francisco Madero; placed an embargo on arms sales to his opponents, toppled the Diaz dictatorship, held a democratic election

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32
Q

What is the Teller Amendment?

A
  • once Cuba won its independence from Spain, the U.S. would leave the government and control of the island to its people
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33
Q

How much did the U.S. pay Spain for the Philippines?

A

$20 million

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34
Q

The Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans _______________.

A

U.S. citizenship

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35
Q

Who was the leading Mexican rebel?

A

Poncho Villa

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36
Q

What general was assigned to find and capture the rebel?

A

John J. Pershing

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37
Q

How did the Mexican Revolution affect American views of Mexico?

A

Americans viewed Mexico as unstable and a danger to U.S. security

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38
Q

How did the U.S. intervention both help and hurt Mexico?

A
  • tried to establish a democracy and help Mexico’s economy
  • caused death and destruction
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39
Q

arbitration

A

the process by which two opposing sides allow a 3rd party to settle a dispute

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40
Q

reclamation

A

the process of making damaged land productive again

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41
Q

recall

A

enables voters to remove an elected official from office by calling for a special election

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42
Q

direct primary

A

a nominating election in which voters choose the candidates who later run in a general election

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43
Q

initiative

A

gives voters the power to introduce legislation

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44
Q

referendum

A

a companion to the initiative

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45
Q

What did Samuel M. “Golden Rule” Jones and Tom Johnson fight for?

A
  • improved police force
  • improved municipal services
  • set a minimum wage for city workers
  • opened kindergartens for children
  • a new, fairer tax system
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46
Q

What was Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign slogan?

A

the Square Deal

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47
Q

What was the single sheet of paper listing all candidates that was developed in Australia?

A

secret ballot

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48
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

published The Jungle in 1906

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49
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

a conservationist, forester, and friend of Roosevelt’s who helped conserve the nation’s resources

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50
Q

William H. Taft

A

Roosevelt’s secretary of war and the president after him (27th president)

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51
Q

Elkins Act

A

forbade shipping companies from accepting rebates, or money given back in return for business

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52
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A

helped run the national banking system

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53
Q

NAWSA

A

National American Woman Suffrage Association

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54
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

published 19 articles on the Standard Oil Company’s corrupt business practices

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55
Q

Florence Kelley

A

reformer who helped persuade the Illinois legislature in 1893 to prohibit child labor and to limit the number of hours women could work

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56
Q

closed shop

A

a workplace where all the employees must belong to a union

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57
Q

open shop

A

a nonunion workplace

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58
Q

socialism

A

the system under which the government or worker cooperatives own most factories, utilities, and transportation and communications systems

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59
Q

Lawrence Veiller

A

a settlement house worker who attacked irresponsible tenement owners; campaigned for improved housing

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60
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard; strong supporter of civil rights

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61
Q

NAACP

A

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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62
Q

Americanization

A

a process of preparing foreign-born residents for full U.S. citizenship

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63
Q

political machines

A

well-organized political parties in charge of public offices
- managed by political bosses

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64
Q

Alexander Shepherd

A

political boss who spent $20 million on civic improvements and new jobs in Washington D.C.

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65
Q

Tammany Hall

A

a democratic political machine in New York City that helped immigrants become naturalized and find temporary housing

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66
Q

graft

A

the acquisition of money/political power through illegal or dishonest methods

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67
Q

kickbacks

A

payments of part of the earnings from a job or contract

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68
Q

What scandals occurred during Grant’s presidency?

A
  • gold scandal
  • railroad credit scandal
  • whiskey ring scandal
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69
Q

Who became president in 1876 after Ulysses S. Grant?

A

Rutherford B. Hayes

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70
Q

Who became president and vice president in 1880?

A
  • James A. Garfield was president
  • Chester A. Arthur was vice president (later became president when James A. Garfield was assassinated)
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71
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A

established the Civil Service Commission to administer exams to people seeking government jobs

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72
Q

What economic hardships did farmers face?

A
  • oversupply
  • low prices for crops
  • high prices for land and machinery
  • high rates for freights
  • loans couldn’t be repaid
  • lost their farms
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73
Q

cooperatives

A

organizations in which groups of farmers pool their resources to buy and sell goods

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74
Q

graduated income tax

A

taxed higher incomes at a higher rate

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75
Q

Farmers’ Alliance

A

a farmers organization that offered farmers low cost insurance; lobbied for tougher bank regulations, government ownership of railroads, and a graduated income tax

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76
Q

Mary Elizabeth Lease

A

leader of the Farmers’ Alliance movement who traveled the country urging people to take action

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77
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

prohibited railroads from giving secret refunds to large shippers or charging more for short hauls

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78
Q

gold standard

A

type of monetary system in which a dollar is worth a specific amount in gold

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79
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

required the government to buy silver each month and mint it into coins

80
Q

William McKinley

A

became president in 1896; adopted a conservative platform upholding the gold standard

81
Q

old immigrants

A

immigrants who came to the U.S. before the 1880s, mostly Protestants from northwestern Europe

82
Q

new immigrants

A

immigrants who came to the U.S. between the 1880s and 1910s, mostly from southern and eastern Europe

83
Q

steerage

A

poor accommodations in a ship’s lower levels

84
Q

Immigration Restriction League

A

organization formed in 1894 that sought to impose a literacy test on all U.S. immigrants

85
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

denied citizenship to people born in China and prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

86
Q

benevolent societies

A

organizations that helped immigrants in cases of sickness, unemployment, and death

87
Q

Ellis Island and Angel Island

A

served as immigration stations during the late 1800s

88
Q

Elisha Otis

A

developed a mechanized elevator

89
Q

suburbs

A

residential neighborhoods on the outskirts of a city

90
Q

tenements

A

poorly built apartment buildings

91
Q

settlement houses

A

community service centers

92
Q

Janie Porter Barrett

A

founded one of the first African American settlement houses

93
Q

Social Gospel

A

called for people to apply Christian principles to address social problems

94
Q

Caroline Bartlett

A

organized People’s Church in Kalamazoo; established a free public kindergarten, gym, skill classes, sponsored creative activities, and a meals program for workers

95
Q

Frederick Law Olmsted

A

designed Central Park in NYC

96
Q

ragtime

A

a form of music that copied the foot stomping of audiences listening to folk songs
- Scott Joplin = King of ragtime

97
Q

Aaron Champion

A

organized the first professional baseball team called the Cincinnati Red Stockings

98
Q

James Naismith

A

invented basketball

99
Q

patent

A

a guarantee to protect an inventor’s rights to make, use, or sell an invention

100
Q

George Westinghouse

A

developed the compressed air-brake

101
Q

Orville and Wilbur Wright

A

developed the airplane

102
Q

List innovations that were made in transportation in the late 1800s.

A
  • airplane
  • railroads
  • automobile engines
  • passenger trains
103
Q

telegraph

A

sent messages over long distances using a system of dots and dashes
- invented by Samuel F.B. Morse

104
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

invented the telephone

105
Q

Christopher Sholes

A

developed the typewriter

106
Q

Thomas Edison

A

invented the light bulb and opened one of the first electric power plants in New York City

107
Q

capitalism

A

private businesses run most industries and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid

108
Q

free enterprise

A

supply, demand, and profit margin determine what businesses produce; free market with little government regulation

109
Q

Karl Marx

A

developed communism

110
Q

corporation

A

organizers raise money by selling shares of stocks to stockholders

111
Q

trust

A

a group of companies turn control of their stock over to a common board of trustees

112
Q

monopoly

A

exclusive economic control of an industry

113
Q

George Pullman

A

created the passenger car train

114
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restrained trade

115
Q

amnesty

A

full pardon

116
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

Lincoln’s vice president who became the 17th president after his death; democrat, slaveholder, and former Tennessee senator; first president to be impeached

117
Q

Black Codes

A

African Americans couldn’t hold meetings without whites, travel without permits, own guns, attend schools with whites, serve on juries, or own a dog

118
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

embraced policies of Restoration and publicly supported voting rights for African Americans; led the way for African American rights

119
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

aided millions of southerners left homeless and hungry by the war; distributed food and clothing, provided jobs, set up hospitals, and operated schools

120
Q

Tenure of Office Act

A

required Senate approval of a replacement before the president could remove an appointed official who had been confirmed by the Senate

121
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

founded in 1866 to prevent African Americans from voting
- burned homes, schools, and churches and stole livestock

122
Q

Enforcement Acts

A

3 laws that empowered the federal government to combat terrorism with military force and to prosecute guilty individuals

123
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A

prohibited businesses that served the public from discriminating against African Americans

124
Q

sharecropping

A

a system in which a farmer worked a parcel of land in return for a share of the crop, a cabin, seed, tools, and a mule
- drawbacks were debt and being tied to a 1 crop system of cotton

125
Q

crop-lien system

A

arrangement in which sharecroppers promised their crops to merchants in exchange for supplies on credit

126
Q

poll taxes

A

fixed taxes imposed on every voter

127
Q

literacy tests

A

tests that barred those who could not read from voting

128
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

laws that enforced segregation in the South

129
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

Supreme Court ruling that established the “separate-but-equal” doctrine for public facilities

130
Q

Madame C.J. Walker

A

African American entrepreneur; one of the first women in the U.S. to become a millionaire

131
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

believed African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic independence and discouraged them from protesting against discrimination; founded the Tuskegee Institute

132
Q

Ida B. Wells

A

civil rights activist, journalist, and teacher; focused on stopping the lynching of African Americans

133
Q

Fort Sumter

A

major port city of the south; a strategic location in the harbor of Charleston, SC
- on April 12, the first shot of the Civil War was fired here by Confederate forces

134
Q

What advantages did the north have?

A
  • greater population
  • had more equipment and railroads
  • controlled resources
135
Q

What advantages did the south have?

A
  • home field advantage
  • defensive tactics of Robert E. Lee
136
Q

What was the capital of the Confederacy?

A

Richmond, Virginia

137
Q

Lincoln’s 3-part strategy

A

1) capture Richmond
2) gain control of the MS River
3) set up naval blockades in the south

138
Q

What mistake did the south make in assessing its war resources?

A

assumed they’d receive foreign aid from Britain and France

139
Q

What were the colors of the Union and Confederate uniforms?

A
  • Union = blue
  • Confederacy = gray
140
Q

What hardships did soldiers experience?

A
  • homesickness
  • lack of food and clothing
  • disease, infection, and malnutrition
141
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A

first professionally licensed female doctor in the U.S.

142
Q

Clara Barton

A

established the Red Cross

143
Q

habeas corpus

A

protection against unlawful imprisonment

144
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A
  • led Union forces in the west
  • 18th president
145
Q

The bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history was the ______________.

A

Battle of Antietam

146
Q

war of attrition

A

to continue fighting until your opponent runs out of men, supplies, and the will to fight

147
Q

total war

A

strategy where an army destroys its opponent’s ability to fight by attacking civilian, economic, and military targets

148
Q

What were the terms of the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse?

A
  • Confederate officers could keep their side arms
  • all soldiers would be fed and allowed to keep their horses and mules
149
Q

What was the railroad junction of the south?

A

Corinth

150
Q

What was the key to the north winning the war?

A

Vicksburg

151
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Confederate military general

152
Q

Bill of Rights

A

10 amendments that guarantee specific rights

153
Q

What Republican was named the 3rd president in 1801?

A

Thomas Jefferson

154
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

President Monroe vowed to oppose European attempts for expansion

155
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

the most famous and successful conductor on the Underground Railroad

156
Q

Eli Whitney

A

invented the cotton gin

157
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

campaigned for property rights for women in New York

158
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

159
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

won the election of 1860 and became the 16th president

160
Q

John Wilkes Booth

A

killed Abraham Lincoln in 1865

161
Q

Bureau of Indian Affairs

A

the government agency responsible for managing American Indian issues

162
Q

Sitting Bull

A

an important leader of the Sioux resistance

163
Q

Geronimo

A

Apache leader who fled the San Carlos Reservation; his surrender marked the end of armed resistance to the reservation system in the Southwest

164
Q

long drives

A

long overland treks on which cowboys herded cattle from ranches to rail lines

165
Q

railhead

A

a town located along a railroad

166
Q

barbed wire

A

a cheap fencing material patented by Joseph Glidden

167
Q

John D. Rockerfeller

A

one founder of the Standard Oil Company

168
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

leader of the steel industry

169
Q

anarchists

A

people who oppose all forms of government

170
Q

Federalists

A

favored ratification of the Constitution

171
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

feared a powerful national government

172
Q

depression

A

a sharp drop in business activity and a rise in unemployment

173
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

a plan for a national government; the first written constitution of the U.S.; went into effect in 1781

174
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

granted the U.S. independence + land from the Atlantic coast westward to the MS River and from the Great Lakes south to Florida

175
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

battle where the British surrendered and ended the Revolutionary war

176
Q

Common Sense

A

pamphlet that raised support for the Revolution and called for the end of British rule (written by Thomas Paine)

177
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

where the first shot of the Revolutionary War was fired

178
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

laws that closed the port of Boston, revoked the colony’s charter, and ordered local officials to provide food and shelter for British soldiers

179
Q

Stamp Act

A

levied a tax on printed matter of all kinds (legal documents, newspapers, playing cards)

180
Q

William Penn

A

founded Pennsylvania for the Quakers

181
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

founded Georgia

182
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

the first governing document in America; established a self-governing colony

183
Q

Mayflower

A

the name of the boat that the pilgrims used to reach America

184
Q

Roanoke Island

A

the first attempt to settle in Virginia; led by Sir Walter Raleigh

185
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

conquered the Aztec Empire and built Mexico City

186
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

tried to reach Asia in 1492 by sailing west across the Atlantic but landed in San Salvador

187
Q

feudalism

A

a system where feudal nobles pledged loyalty/military assistance to more powerful leaders in return for land and protection from invasion

188
Q

Paleo Indians

A

the first Americans who followed animal herds through North America

189
Q

1st Amendment

A

freedom of the press, speech, assembly, religion, and petition

190
Q

2nd Amendment

A

right to bear arms

191
Q

5th Amendment

A

no person must testify against themselves in a court of law

192
Q

13th Amendment

A

abolished slavery

193
Q

15th Amendment

A

male voting rights, no discrimination

194
Q

19th Amendment

A

gave women the right to vote

195
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

became president after Taft; 28th president

History (20 decks)

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