Chapter 18

Question 1

American shipyards built _______ landing craft, ____ submarines, and ____ aircraft carriers.

Answer 1

• 88,000
• 215
• 147

Question 2

War Production Board (WPB)

Answer 2

created by Roosevelt to increase military production

Question 3

Selective Training and Service Act

Answer 3

provided for the first peacetime draft in U.S. history (men 21-35)

Question 4

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 4

general who commanded troops in the Philippines

Question 5

Battle of Midway

Answer 5

second major battle in the Pacific

Question 6

Erwin Rommel

Answer 6

Desert Fox; commander of the German Afrika Korps

Question 7

How did women contribute to the war effort?

Answer 7

• working in factories to replace absent men
• defense projects

Question 8

How did the U.S. government use the media to keep wartime morale high?

Answer 8

encouraged war movies and movie stars to advertise war bonds

Question 9

A. Philip Randolph

Answer 9

African American labor leader who planned a march on Washington D.D. to protest discrimination against black workers

Question 10

Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC)

Answer 10

investigated companies to make sure that all qualified applicants, regardless of race, were considered for job openings

Question 11

internment

Answer 11

forced relocation and imprisonment

Question 12

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 12

commanded the invasion force of U.S. and British soldiers in north Africa

Question 13

Why was a victory in north Africa so important to the Allies?

Answer 13

offered a gateway to Sicily, Italy

Question 14

General George S. Patton

Answer 14

emerged as a leader during the north Africa campaign; guided U.S. forces in Italy

Question 15

sonar

Answer 15

equipment that uses sound waves to detect underwater objects

Question 16

D-Day

Answer 16

June 6, 1944; Allies landed in Normandy, France

Question 17

5 beaches at Normandy

Answer 17

• Utah
• Omaha
• Gold
• Juno
• Sword

Question 18

What was the significance of D-Day?

Answer 18

• decisive Allied victory
• liberation of France

Question 19

How was the Holocaust carried out?

Answer 19

• constructed death camps
• transported Jews in railroad cars
• marched Jews into showers and gassed them

Question 20

Yalta Conference

Answer 20

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill met to plan for the postwar peace
- Stalin pledged to declare war on Japan 3 months after Germany’s surrender

Question 21

How did the U.S. victory at the Battle of the Bulge contribute to the Allied defeat of Germany?

Answer 21

was Germany’s last counterattack, which failed

Question 22

island-hopping

Answer 22

strategy that meant that troops would attack and seize only certain strategic islands

Question 23

kamikaze

Answer 23

suicide planes

Question 24

Battle of Okinawa

Answer 24

the bloodiest battle of the Pacific war

Question 25

Harry S. Truman

Answer 25

president after Roosevelt died

Question 26

Manhattan Project

Answer 26

the effort of a group of scientists who had been working to create an atomic bomb since 1942

Question 27

Where were the two atomic bombs dropped in Japan?

Answer 27

Nagasaki and Hiroshima

Question 28

Why did President Truman decide to use atomic weapons against Japan?

Answer 28

- Japanese refused to surrender - an invasion of Japan would've produced many casualties - wanted to show the Soviet Union how powerful the U.S. was

Question 29

What were the costs of World War II?

Answer 29

- 30 million civilians lost - more deaths and property destroyed than in any other war - military cost was more than $1 trillion