Chapter 18 Flashcards
American shipyards built _______ landing craft, ____ submarines, and ____ aircraft carriers.
- 88,000
- 215
- 147
War Production Board (WPB)
created by Roosevelt to increase military production
Selective Training and Service Act
provided for the first peacetime draft in U.S. history (men 21-35)
Douglas MacArthur
general who commanded troops in the Philippines
Battle of Midway
second major battle in the Pacific
Erwin Rommel
Desert Fox; commander of the German Afrika Korps
How did women contribute to the war effort?
- working in factories to replace absent men
- defense projects
How did the U.S. government use the media to keep wartime morale high?
encouraged war movies and movie stars to advertise war bonds
A. Philip Randolph
African American labor leader who planned a march on Washington D.D. to protest discrimination against black workers
Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC)
investigated companies to make sure that all qualified applicants, regardless of race, were considered for job openings
internment
forced relocation and imprisonment
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
commanded the invasion force of U.S. and British soldiers in north Africa
Why was a victory in north Africa so important to the Allies?
offered a gateway to Sicily, Italy
General George S. Patton
emerged as a leader during the north Africa campaign; guided U.S. forces in Italy
sonar
equipment that uses sound waves to detect underwater objects
D-Day
June 6, 1944; Allies landed in Normandy, France
5 beaches at Normandy
- Utah
- Omaha
- Gold
- Juno
- Sword
What was the significance of D-Day?
- decisive Allied victory
- liberation of France
How was the Holocaust carried out?
- constructed death camps
- transported Jews in railroad cars
- marched Jews into showers and gassed them
Yalta Conference
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill met to plan for the postwar peace
- Stalin pledged to declare war on Japan 3 months after Germany’s surrender
How did the U.S. victory at the Battle of the Bulge contribute to the Allied defeat of Germany?
was Germany’s last counterattack, which failed
island-hopping
strategy that meant that troops would attack and seize only certain strategic islands
kamikaze
suicide planes
Battle of Okinawa
the bloodiest battle of the Pacific war
Harry S. Truman
president after Roosevelt died
Manhattan Project
the effort of a group of scientists who had been working to create an atomic bomb since 1942
Where were the two atomic bombs dropped in Japan?
Nagasaki and Hiroshima
Why did President Truman decide to use atomic weapons against Japan?
- Japanese refused to surrender
- an invasion of Japan would’ve produced many casualties
- wanted to show the Soviet Union how powerful the U.S. was
What were the costs of World War II?
- 30 million civilians lost
- more deaths and property destroyed than in any other war
- military cost was more than $1 trillion
