Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

What actions did Allied forces take to stabilize Germany and Japan after the war?

A
  • leaders met in Potsdam, Germany in 1945
  • divided Germany into 4 occupation zones (Britain, France, and America each took control of an area in the industrialized western part; Soviet Union took control of the rural eastern part)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

the first time President Truman had met with Stalin and Churchill since Roosevelt’s death
- pledged to crush the Nazi Party, re-establish local governments, rebuild German industry, and return German refugees to their homes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clement Attlee

A

replaced Churchill as Great Britain’s new prime minister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the terms of Japan’s new constitution adopted by MacArthur?

A
  • abolished the army and navy
  • prohibited Japan from ever again becoming a military power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

German war crimes trials; 12 people were executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adolf Eichmann

A

an architect of the Jewish extermination program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Charter of the United Nations

A

provided for a General Assembly and a Security Council

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A

served as one of the first U.S. delegates to the United Nations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Zionism

A

the movement seeking a Jewish homeland in Palestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you think WWII influenced the creation and structure of the United Nations?

A

the UN mission was world peace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

United Nations (UN)

A

a postwar international organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How did the U.S. government try to control the development of atomic weapons?

A
  • Baruch Plan
  • Atomic Energy Act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cold War

A

the competition for global power and influence between the U.S. and Soviet Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

satellite nations

A

countries under Soviet Union control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

containment

A

restricting the expansion of Soviet communism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the origins of the Cold War?

A
  • economic and political differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
  • Allies strengthening their power in Western Europe
  • Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Baruch Plan

A

proposal that would impose penalties on countries that didn’t follow international rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atomic Energy Act

A

created the civilian-controlled Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to oversee nuclear weapons research and promote peacetime uses of atomic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

operation in which British and U.S. planes carried more than 2 million tons of food and supplies to West Berlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NATO

A
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • 9 western European nations joined the U.S., Canada, and Iceland in a military alliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

military alliance formed by the Soviet Union and other Eastern European communist countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What measures would you propose to help curb the development of atomic weapons?

A

penalties for breaking security measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do you think might have happened if the U.S. had not implemented the Marshall Plan?

A

spread of communism in all of Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why did the Soviet Union view the formation of a West German state and NATO as a threat?

A

posed an obstacle for Soviet expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Marshall Plan (1948)

A

George C. Marshall (secretary of state) asked Congress for $17 billion in economic aid for Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who became the supreme commander of NATO forces in 1951?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

27
Q

How did the Western Allies respond to the Soviet blockade of Benin?

A

Berlin Airlift

28
Q

Chiang Kai-Shek

A

led the Nationalist party

29
Q

Mao Zedong

A

led the Communist party

30
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

the U.S. army’s Far East commander
- helped run Japan and set up a democratic system of government

31
Q

Why did the conflict in Korea escalate?

A
  • North Korea invaded South Korea
  • U.S. sent troops to help South Korea
  • China got involved and backed North Korea
32
Q

How did the Korean War affect domestic U.S. politics?

A
  • Truman became unpopular
  • MacArthur was removed as commander of U.S. forces
  • Eisenhower became president
33
Q

brinkmanship

A

policy that called for threatening all-out war in order to confront Communist aggression

34
Q

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

A

federal agency created during Eisenhower’s administration to gather strategic information and pursue his Cold War goals
- overthrew the Iranian government

35
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

Soviet leader who publicly accused Stalin of having committed many ruthless crimes

36
Q

U-2 incident

A

U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured while spying on the Soviet Union

37
Q

How did a civil war between Nationalists and Communists in China lead to the creation of the People’s Republic of China?

A

Nationalists retreated to Taiwan

38
Q

In what ways were President Eisenhower’s covert operations and diplomatic strategies effective? What new problems did they present?

A
  • established U.S. government in Iran and Guatemala
  • helped end the Korean War and Suez crisis
  • stirred anti-American feelings in Latin America and Iran
39
Q

What city (South Korean capital) did MacArthur’s forces recapture?

A

Seoul

40
Q

Suez crisis

A
  • Egyptian leader Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal
  • refused to allow Israeli ships to cross the canal
  • Soviet Union came to Egypt’s aid
41
Q

U-2

A

a high-altitude spy plane

42
Q

What actions did the U.S. government take to limit communism at home?

A
  • Internal Security Act
  • National Security Council
43
Q

How did Senator Joseph McCarthy play upon Americans’ fears of communism?

A

suggested that there were Communists in the State Department, U.S. Army, and the federal government with no evidence to support it

44
Q

How did Americans react to the prospect of nuclear war?

A

rise in construction of bomb shelters

45
Q

National Security Council (NSC)

A

created to advise the president on strategic matters

46
Q

Hollywood Ten

A

a group of California film directors and writers who went to jail instead of answering questions from the HUAC

47
Q

Alger Hiss

A

a New Deal lawyer who was accused of being a Communist spy
- gave Whittaker Chambers secret State Department documents to pass on to the Soviets

48
Q

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

A

convicted of providing the Soviet Union with atomic energy secrets during WWII
- executed in 1953

49
Q

Joseph McCarthy

A

Wisconsin senator who claimed to have a list of Communists who worked at the State Department

50
Q

Internal Security Act

A

required Communist Party members and organizations to register with the federal government

51
Q

NASA

A
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • created to promote space technology
52
Q

National Defense Education Act

A

appropriated millions of dollars to improve education in science, math, and foreign languages

53
Q

Sputnik

A

the first artificial satellite
- launched by the Soviet Union in October 1957

54
Q

Why was 1957 a significant year in U.S. history?

A
  • launch of Sputnik
  • creation of NASA
  • National Defense Education Act
55
Q

What effect did HUAC’s investigations have on American society?

A

panic concerning Communism in America

56
Q

How were Americans’ fears of Communists and the threat of nuclear war justified?

A

development of H-bomb to become the supreme power

57
Q

Billy Graham

A

evangelist who warned of the danger of nuclear war and urged Americans to turn to God

58
Q

Explorer I

A

the U.S.’s first satellite
- launched in January 1958

59
Q

What other countries became involved in the conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

A
  • NATO
  • North and South Korea
  • East and West Germany
  • Iran
  • Egypt
60
Q

How did the U.S. government’s response to Cold War tensions lead to limitations on civil liberties?

A

search for communists violated civil rights

61
Q

How did the development of atomic technology affect daily life in the U.S.?

A
  • fear of a nuclear attack
  • emphasis on science and math education
62
Q

How did the U.S. respond to Soviet expansion after WWII?

A
  • Berlin Airlift
  • NATO
  • Korean War
  • CIA in Iran and Egypt
63
Q

How did the fall of China to communism in 1949 affect the Korean War in 1950?

A

fear of communism spreading throughout all of Asia

64
Q

How did the Korean War affect the domestic and international affairs of the U.S.?

A
  • led to the first Republican president in 20 years
  • hurt CIA operations abroad

History (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions