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History > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the causes of World War I?

A
  • growth of nationalism
  • Serbia’s growing strength
  • militarism
  • arms race
  • alliances with other nations
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2
Q

What is the capital of Bosnia?

A

Sarajevo

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3
Q

Allied Powers

A

Britain, France, Russia

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4
Q

Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria (Ottoman Empire)

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5
Q

no-man’s land

A

bombed-out territory with barbed wire and land mines

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6
Q

trench warfare

A

type of fighting using the strategy of defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches

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7
Q

What was the most feared weapon introduced in World War I?

A

poison gas

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8
Q

Manfred von Richthofen

A

Red Baron; most successful pilot (ace) with 80 kills

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9
Q

Edward Rickenbacker

A

top American ace with 26 kills

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10
Q

How did trench warfare affect the fighting?

A

made it more brutal and deadly

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11
Q

What technological innovations changed the way World War I was fought?

A
  • submarines
  • trench warfare
  • tanks
  • poison gas
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12
Q

What challenges did the U.S. face when trying to remain neutral?

A
  • strictly a European matter
  • strong allies with Britain
  • 30% of the U.S. population were immigrants or children
  • Britain instituted a naval blockade
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13
Q

National Defense Act (1916)

A

increased army soldiers to 175,000 with a goal of 223,000; established the National Guard’s size at 450,000 troops; $313 million spent to build up the navy

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14
Q

Selective Service Act

A

required men to register with local draft boards

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15
Q

_____________ American Indians served in the war.

A

10,000

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16
Q

_____________ African Americans served in the war.

A

370,000

17
Q

How did the U.S. government prepare the nation for war?

A
  • President Wilson mobilized the nation
  • set up programs to finance the war
  • conserved resources and redirected industry
  • campaigned for enthusiasm for war
  • spent $35 billion on the war including loans to the Allies
  • increased taxes
18
Q

Food Administration and Fuel Administration

A

regulated the production and supply of these essential resources

19
Q

Why were federal boards and agencies created?

A

to regulate industrial production and distribution

20
Q

What steps did the U.S. government take to finance the war?

A
  • raised taxes
  • sold bonds
  • conserved resources
21
Q

Juliette Gordon Low

A

organized the Girl Scouts of America
- “A girl cannot die for her country, but she can live for it”

22
Q

How did organized labor and some women benefit economically and politically from the war effort?

A
  • new career opportunities for women
  • 19th Amendment
23
Q

Great Migration (1915-1930)

A

hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved northward to escape discrimination and difficult living and working conditions

24
Q

pacifism

A

the refusal to use violence to settle disputes

25
Q

militarism

A

the glorification of military strength

26
Q

Espionage Act and Sedition Act

A

outlawed acts of treason and made it a crime to use disloyal or abusive language criticizing the government, the flag, or the military

27
Q

Fourteen Points

A

a program developed by Woodrow Wilson to promote world peace
- limit territorial disputes
- secret diplomacy
- arms race
- violation of the seas
- trade barriers
- established the League of Nations

28
Q

League of Nations

A

an international body designed to prevent offensive wars

29
Q

Woodrow Wilson was the first president to do what?

A

cross the Atlantic Ocean while in office

30
Q

convoy system

A

use of armed vessels to escort unarmed merchant vessels transporting troops, supplies, or volunteers through the North Atlantic during the war

31
Q

reparations

A

payments

32
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A
  • required rulers to report to the League of Nations
  • re-established Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland as independent nations
  • disarmed Germany and forced them to admit full responsibility for the war
  • charged Germany billions of dollars in reparations
33
Q

How many people died in the war and how many were wounded?

A
  • 8.5 million died
  • 21 million wounded

History (20 decks)

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